Authors: Dinesh Singh Sagar
Abstract: This chapter explores affirmative action and reservation policies as transformative social interventions aimed at rectifying systemic discrimination and promoting equitable participation in India. It examines the theoretical foundations, practical applications, and inherent complexities of these mechanisms, including the constitutional provisions, legislative frameworks, and judicial interpretations. This chapter highlights various implementation strategies, including rigid quota systems and flexible proportional representation models. It also evaluates administrative mechanisms, beneficiary identification processes and monitoring systems. Despite significant achievements, such as enhanced educational enrolment, increased workforce diversity, and improved political participation among historically disadvantaged groups, implementation faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and social resistance. The chapter also addresses emerging issues, such as privatization impacts, technological disruptions, and globalization effects on traditional affirmative action frameworks. It concludes with recommendations for policy refinement, emphasizing the need for dynamic, context-sensitive frameworks that advance substantive equality while addressing evolving socioeconomic realities.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17208306
