Authors: Tundashi Tommy, Dr. John Phiri
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that perpetuated pupil absenteeism at Mtowe Primary School of Chipata. The study aimed to find why pupils missed school often, how absenteeism affected learning, and what could be done to improve regular attendance. A mixed methods approach was used. Attendance records for the 2023 school year were analysed to show patterns and levels of absence. Interviews and focus group discussions were held with pupils, teachers, parents, and the head teacher to gather their views and experiences. Data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics and thematic analysis to identify the main causes and effects of absenteeism. The findings showed that absenteeism was caused by many linked factors. Poverty was a major cause: many families could not afford school supplies, fees, or uniforms, and some children worked to help at home. Health problems, especially malaria and poor nutrition, made pupils miss school frequently. Household duties and seasonal farm work also reduced attendance. School factors such as harsh discipline, occasional teacher absence, and low pupil engagement were reported to discourage regular attendance. Girls were more affected by household chores and early marriage risks. Community attitudes and weak links between the school and local services made it harder to follow up absent pupils. The study concluded that absenteeism at Mtowe Primary was a complex problem that needed combined actions. It recommended school feeding or health checks, support for poor families, better teacher training on pupil engagement, stronger community school partnerships, and regular monitoring of attendance with quick follow up for absent pupils. These measures were suggested to reduce absenteeism and improve learning outcomes
