Authors: Dr. R. Suji Karthika
Abstract: Climate change is one of the major challenges to sustainable development. It affects economic growth, human well-being, environmental security, and social equality across the world. Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13) calls for urgent action to address climate change and its impacts. It is based on secondary data collected from international policy documents, institutional reports, and academic studies. The study finds that global climate governance has increased international commitment to climate action. However, several challenges continue to limit progress. These include inadequate climate finance, differences in national capacities, geopolitical conflicts, continued dependence on fossil fuels, weak implementation, and inequalities between developed and developing countries. The paper argues that achieving SDG 13 requires a shift from making climate commitments to implementing effective climate policies. This requires reliable climate finance, better access to technology, stronger accountability, and greater participation of governments, communities, businesses, and civil society. Special attention should also be given to climate justice and the needs of developing countries. The paper concludes that effective global climate governance should balance environmental protection, economic development, and social equity. Such an approach can support the transition towards a resilient and low-carbon global economy.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22302756
