Volume 4 Issue 3 May-Jun 2026 - International Journal for Research Trends in Social Science & Humanities

The Impact Of Social Media Context-Switch Otifications On Students’ Reading Attention And Comprehension: A Case Study of University Students in Uganda.

Authors: Dr. Adorable Kimulya

Abstract: There is a growing concern among parents and educators regarding students reading attention and comprehension in the face of continued use of social media, including unprecedented switching from academic work to social media; replacing their reading time with entertainment and /or chatting with friends. This study investigated the effects of social media context-switch notifications on university students’ reading attention and comprehension across university students in Uganda. The study utilized cross-sectional explanatory design using interview guides, a standardized academic reading passage, a reading comprehension test, an attention observation checklist, individual’s gadgets’ notifications tuned on. This is what simulated fulltime social media alerts. A total of 320 students from Gulu University, Mountains of the Moon university, St. Johns Baptist Ggaba Teachers’ Institute, Rwenzori International University, and Victoria University were sampled using stratified random sampling. Data was collected using a controlled reading task, a reading comprehension test, and a notification exposure checklist. Findings revealed that students frequently switched from reading activities to respond to what they deemed essential, following social media notifications. This significantly reduced sustained reading attention, concentration and comprehension. The study concludes that context-switch notifications act as cognitive disruptors, not only during academic reading, but also during other reading activities. Institutions should emphasize student self-regulation strategies, guiding them to disable all social media notifications to ensure digital literacy remains uninterrupted.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20199554

The Impact Of Social Media Context-Switch Otifications On Students’ Reading Attention And Topic Name-“A Study On Personal Financial Planning And Saving Behaviour Of Salaried Employees”

Authors: Rutuja Santosh Thorat, Dr.Tejaswinee Ingle

Abstract: Personal financial planning plays an important role in achieving financial security and improving the standard of living of individuals. Salaried employees often face challenges in managing income, expenses, savings, investments, and future financial needs due to rising living costs and economic uncertainty. This study focuses on analyzing the financial planning practices and saving behaviour of salaried employees. The research examines factors such as income level, expenditure pattern, financial awareness, investment preferences, risk attitude, and saving habits that influence personal financial planning. The study aims to understand how salaried employees manage their finances and the importance they give to savings and investments for future goals such as education, retirement, emergencies, and wealth creation. Both primary and secondary data sources are used for the study. Primary data is collected through questionnaires and surveys from salaried employees, while secondary data is collected from journals, books, articles, and financial reports. The findings of the study indicate that income level, financial literacy, and awareness about investment options significantly affect saving behaviour and financial planning decisions. It is also observed that many salaried employees prefer safe investment avenues such as bank deposits, insurance, and provident funds, while fewer employees invest in market-linked instruments due to risk factors and lack of knowledge. The study concludes that effective financial planning helps salaried employees achieve financial stability, reduce financial stress, and improve future financial security. It also highlights the need for increasing financial education and awareness among employees to encourage better saving and investment practices.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20204315

Communication Strategies Of Swachh Bharat Campaign: A Case Study

Authors: Darein Decastro, Amala T Chacko

Abstract: The Swachh Bharat Mission is one of the largest cleanliness campaigns undertaken in the world. It was launched by the Government of India in 2014 on the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. The main objective of the mission was to eliminate the practice of open defecation, improve solid waste management, and promote better standards of cleanliness and hygiene across the country. However, the success of such a large national campaign required more than just the construction of toilets and sanitation infrastructure. It also required a major change in people’s attitudes and behavior toward sanitation. Since hygiene practices are closely connected with social habits and cultural values, communication played an important role in influencing public awareness and encouraging participation in the mission. This study focuses on the communication strategy adopted by the Government of India for the implementation of the Swachh Bharat Mission. The research examines the different communication tools, media channels, and awareness initiatives used to spread the message of sanitation and cleanliness and to motivate citizens to participate in the campaign. The study uses a qualitative research approach to analyze government reports, campaign materials, and various communication strategies associated with the mission. Through this analysis, the research aims to understand how communication efforts helped in spreading awareness about sanitation and encouraging behavioral change among citizens. The findings of the study highlight the use of different communication methods, including mass media campaigns, community participation programs, and digital media platforms. It also emphasizes the importance of combining traditional communication methods with modern media tools to effectively promote the message of hygiene and cleanliness among the public. Additionally, the campaign encouraged the involvement of schools, local leaders, and civil society organizations to strengthen community engagement. Such collaborative efforts helped create a sense of collective responsibility among citizens and contributed significantly to sustaining long-term sanitation awareness and improved hygiene practices across different regions of the country.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20226039

A Study On Talent Acquisition And Employer Branding Practices At Tata Consultancy Services

Authors: Ms. Sargam Bansal

Abstract: This research paper looks at the talent acquisition and employer branding practices at Tata Consultancy Services, which’s one of the leading IT service organizations globally. Tata Consultancy Services is a company in the Information Technology industry. In the Information Technology industry, it is really tough to get and keep people so companies have to make it a priority. This study wants to see if the recruitment strategies and employer branding initiatives at Tata Consultancy Services are actually working to attract satisfy and keep employees. The research is based on a design that uses both primary and secondary data to get a clear picture. Primary data was collected from people who know about Tata Consultancy Services practices through questionnaires. Secondary data was gathered from company reports, journals and online sources. What the research found out is that people care most about having opportunities to grow in their careers feeling safe in their jobs and having a balance between work and life. Tata Consultancy Services has a reputation, good values and a great environment, for learning, which all contribute to making it a great place to work. The study shows that finding the people and making a company look good to workers are closely linked and very important for a company to do well. Tata Consultancy Services is good at taking care of its workers. It can do better by paying them fairly and not overworking them. This will make workers happier. The study also says that a company’s people management plans should match its business goals to be successful in the run and beat the competition.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20266937

Higher Education Institutions In India: Emerging Trends And Challenges

Authors: Neelam Kuril

Abstract: Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) play a vital role in promoting knowledge, research, innovation, and sustainable national development. This study examines the evolution, significance, changing landscape, and major challenges faced by higher education institutions, particularly in the Indian context. It highlights the contribution of HEIs toward skill development, social transformation, technological advancement, and sustainability promotion through education and research. The study also discusses the impact of globalization, digitalization, educational reforms, and governance changes on modern universities. Furthermore, it analyses the growth and implementation of distance learning as an important component of contemporary higher education systems. Despite challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, funding limitations, and unequal access, HEIs continue to adapt and contribute significantly toward inclusive education, employability, innovation, and sustainable societal progress.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20266936

Broken Clocks, Broken Laws: Caste, Trauma, And The Unmaking Of Time In The God Of Small Things

Authors: Mr. Atul Jaryal, Dr. Rakesh Kumar, Dr. Rakesh Kumar

Abstract: Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things occupies a central position in contemporary Indian English literature because of its radical engagement with caste oppression, trauma, memory, and temporality. This paper examines the relationship between caste violence and fragmented time in the novel, arguing that Roy’s nonlinear narrative structure reflects the psychological disintegration produced by social oppression. Through the experiences of Ammu, Velutha, Estha, and Rahel, the novel exposes how caste regulations—described as the “Love Laws”—control intimacy, identity, and historical memory in postcolonial Kerala. Drawing upon trauma theory, postcolonial criticism, psychoanalytic approaches, and caste studies, the paper demonstrates that the novel transforms time into a fractured and unstable experience. The narrative’s disrupted chronology, repetitive imagery, and fragmented language reproduce the cyclical return of traumatic memory. This study further argues that Roy uses childhood consciousness and linguistic experimentation to represent forms of suffering that exceed conventional language. Unlike realist narratives that move toward closure, The God of Small Things resists resolution and instead foregrounds emotional residue, silence, and historical continuity of violence. The paper also investigates how the body, space, and memory become politically charged sites within the novel. By linking caste-based violence with temporal dislocation, the study contributes to scholarship on trauma fiction and postcolonial literature. Ultimately, the paper argues that Roy’s novel portrays trauma not as an isolated personal event but as an inherited social condition embedded in cultural systems and historical structures.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20281535

“Determinants Of Sickle Cell Disease Outcomes In Tribal India: A Mixed-Methods Study From Chhattisgarh”

Authors: Dr. Shahla Khan, Dr. P.K. Patra, Shahla Khan

Abstract: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a hereditary hemoglobin disorder with a high prevalence among tribal populations in central India, particularly in the Bastar region of Chhattisgarh. The socio-economic status (SES) of individuals affected by SCD is generally low, with a disproportionate burden among Scheduled Tribes (ST), Scheduled Castes (SC), and Other Backward Classes (OBC), who predominantly reside in remote areas with limited access to healthcare services. This study examines the socio-economic and psychosocial challenges faced by SCD patients in tribal areas of Bastar, focusing on healthcare access, education, employment, and social stigma. A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating field surveys, semi-structured interviews, and secondary data analysis. The findings reveal substantial barriers to healthcare access, low educational attainment, economic vulnerability, and widespread social stigma, all of which significantly impact quality of life. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted, culturally sensitive interventions to improve healthcare delivery, enhance socio-economic conditions, and reduce stigma associated with SCD in tribal regions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20308373

The Role of Startups in Promoting Sustainable Consumption: A Student Perspective

Authors: Ms. Abinaya J, Sabarieswaran S

Abstract: The escalating urgency of sustainable development, coupled with the exponential growth of entrepreneurial startups in India, creates a powerful opportunity to reshape consumer behaviour among students. This study systematically investigates the role of startups in promoting sustainable consumption from the perspective of 150 student respondents enrolled across undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programmes in Tamil Nadu, India. Employing a descriptive and analytical research design, the study gathered primary data through a structured, five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analysed it using Percentage Analysis, Weighted Average Score (WAS), Weighted Mean, Chi-Square Test (χ²), and One-Way ANOVA. The findings reveal that students demonstrate moderately high awareness of sustainable startups (WM = 3.63), largely mediated by social media exposure, while institutional channels remain significantly underutilised. Student perceptions are broadly positive (WM = 3.80), with startups viewed as innovative and environmentally committed; however, greenwashing scepticism constitutes a persistent trust barrier. Purchase behaviour is conditional on price parity (WAS = 3.89), and the affordability gap, confirmed as the dominant barrier (WAS = 3.96) continues to obstruct consistent sustainable consumption. Hypothesis testing confirms statistically significant relationships between social media exposure and awareness, peer influence and consumption adoption, pricing and purchase frequency, and perception and recommendation intent. The study advances a multi-stakeholder framework of recommendations for sustainable startups, educational institutions, and policymakers, contributing original empirical evidence on eco-entrepreneurship and student consumer behaviour in the Indian context.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20354433

A Study On Ai In Education: Unveiling Student Insights Through Data Analytics

Authors: Dr Kowsalya.G, Sathya Narayanan B

Abstract: The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools into academic environments has transformed how students learn and engage with knowledge. This study investigates student perceptions, usage patterns, and concerns regarding AI in education, focusing on the South Zone of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India. Primary data were collected from 120 students across school, undergraduate, postgraduate, and research scholar levels through a structured self-administered questionnaire and analysed using Percentage Analysis, Weighted Average Mean (WAM), Chi-Square Test, Pearson Correlation, and Simple Ranking Method. Findings reveal that 73.3% of students regularly use AI tools, primarily for assignment preparation (43.3%), with ChatGPT, Grammarly, and YouTube as dominant platforms. WAM analysis confirms positive student attitudes across all attitudinal dimensions, with AI’s time-saving ability scoring highest (WM = 4.10). Chi-Square tests confirm significant differences in AI usage across academic levels (χ² = 18.47, p = 0.030) and disciplines (χ² = 21.34, p = 0.006), while a strong positive correlation (r = 0.712) between AI usage and academic performance underscores the value of purposeful AI engagement. Critically, 56.7% of students have never received institutional guidance on AI use, highlighting an urgent policy gap. The study offers evidence-based insights for educators and policymakers to develop balanced, equitable AI integration frameworks for the Indian educational context.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20354394

The Role of Startups in Promoting Sustainable Consumption: A Student Perspective

Authors: Ms. Abinaya J, Sabarieswaran S

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20354433

The Socio-Cultural and Demographic Realities of Transgender Identities in India

Authors: Mercy Anju

Abstract: This paper examines the evolution, socio-cultural status, and demographic realities of transgender individuals in India, focusing on the historical shifts from royal patronage to colonial marginalization and contemporary socio-economic challenges. Drawing upon pedagogical and sociological frameworks, including Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity, this study contextualizes the community’s transition across different eras. Furthermore, using 2011 Census data, we analyze contemporary population metrics, literacy disparities, and regional variations, with specific attention to the Western coastal states and vulnerable demographics such as transgender children.

Digital Literacy Skills Among The Students Of The College Of Dental Sciences And Research Centre, Bopal, Ghuma: A Case Study

Authors: Dr. Hiren A. Solanki

Abstract: The significance and efficacy of digital literacy among students at the College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bopal, are highlighted in this research. Students today must learn digital literacy abilities. The questionnaire was designed using Google Forms. A structured questionnaire in online (Google form) was distributed among 100 students, out of which 31 questionnaires were answered. The results of the study show that the majority of the students in dental college, Bopal were female and belonged to the age group of 18 to 21 years. The analysis of the study shows that a majority of 64.5% of the respondents are familiar with the concept of internet literacy. The 50% respondents are aware of ICT. In the current digital environment, it is found that the maximum number of respondents prefer internet websites to search for information as it is an easy, flexible and affordable way to find information. Most respondents prefer the Google search engine over other search engines. When it comes to understanding how well students use digital gadgets such as MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, Moodle, Facebook, Skype, YouTube, and Google.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20378571

Untapped Opportunities For Development Of Tourism Sector: A Study On Natural Tea Plantations In Charaideo District Of Assam

Authors: Miss. Toni moon Changmai, Dr.Sarat Hazarika

Abstract: Assam occupies a prominent position in the worldwide tea sector and simultaneously holds immense tourism prospects. Charaideo District, the ancient seat of the Ahom Dynasty and UNESCO World Heritage Site (2024), simultaneously holds significant tea tourism potential alongside its archaeological prominence. Tea has succeeded in securing a significant international market in the current economy and it still observes growing demand among consumers. Following the identification of tea in Assam, its requirement has grown steadily. Assam’s climatic conditions and weather patterns are highly conducive for tea cultivation. Hence, Assam possesses the capacity to establish a tea commercial hub in India. Employing agrochemicals for tea production is hazardous to human well-being, earth as well as the environment. It has also diminished the fundamental organic characteristics of tea; therefore, currently the requirement for chemical free tea has been increasing. Charaideo is a region in Assam where several small tea growers have commenced the development of natural tea estates. Thus, this research aims to highlight the natural tea cultivation process in Charaideo district and what kinds of challenges are linked with natural tea and its prospective opportunities.

The Educational Shift: How Learning Became Secondary To Scores

Authors: Kesler Frost

Abstract: Over the past three years, the rapid adoption of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT has transformed the landscape of K12 and higher education. Public discourse has often framed this shift as evidence of student laziness, dishonesty, or moral decline. However, emerging research suggests that the widespread use of AI for academic tasks is not primarily areflection of student character, but rather a rational response to the structural pressures embedded within modern schooling. Students are turning to AI because the educational system itself hasbecome increasingly oriented toward performance metrics, efficiency, and quantifiable outcomes rather than deep learning, curiosity, or intellectual development. In a system where grades, test scores, and productivity are prioritized above understanding, AI becomes a logical tool for survival.

Tea Tourism In Sivasagar District Of Assam: Major Constraints And Its Future Opportunities

Authors: Dr. Luhit Buragohain, Associate Professor

Abstract: Tea tourism is a wonderful recreational experience that satisfies the tourist while visiting tea gardens.Assam is globally recognized as the largest tea-producing state of India, and simultaneously it is a land of extraordinary historical wealth. Sivasagar District epitomizes this dual identity.The district today shelters iconic monuments such as Rang Ghar, Talatal Ghar, and Sivasagar Sivadol that draw heritage enthusiasts from across the world. Parallel to this architectural legacy, Sivasagar has been a cornerstone of Assam’s tea industry since the mid-nineteenth century, with sprawling estates and thousands of small growers shaping its agrarian landscape. Yet, the tourism narrative of Sivasagar has remained confined to its monuments. The vast stretches of tea gardens, the colonial planter bungalows, and the lived culture of tea communities have not been woven into the tourist experience. This paper examines how tea tourism can be developed in Sivasagar by integrating it with the existing heritage circuit. The district’s tea sector is not merely an economic entity; it is a cultural landscape where the history of Ahom settlement, British plantation enterprise, and the migration of Tea Tribes intersect.Through field-based observations and policy analysis, the study identifies that the absence of integrated marketing, infrastructural gaps, and regulatory hurdles have restricted tea tourism to a few isolated efforts. However, the prospects are substantial. Tea tourism in Sivasagar thus emerges not only as an economic opportunity but as a mechanism for cultural continuity and sustainable development.

Misleading Advertisements And Digital Marketing Laws: A Secondary Data-Based Research Study

Authors: Mr. Siddharth Jain, Mr. Ankur Sharma

Abstract: The fast growth of digital media and online platforms has completely changed the way companies promote their products and services. Today, businesses use social media, websites, mobile apps, influencer marketing, and online advertisements to reach millions of consumers quickly. Although digital marketing provides many benefits, it has also increased the number of misleading and deceptive advertisements seen by people every day. Many advertisements make false promises, hide important information, exaggerate product benefits, or use influencers without clearly mentioning paid promotions. Such practices can confuse consumers and influence them to make wrong purchasing decisions. This paper studies the problem of misleading advertisements in digital platforms and examines the laws and regulations made to protect consumers. It focuses on important legal frameworks such as the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 in India, the guidelines of the Federal Trade Commission in the United States, and the Digital Services Act in the European Union. The study is based completely on secondary data collected from research papers, government reports, legal documents, and regulatory studies published between 2019 and 2024. The paper explains how practices such as false advertising, dark patterns, hidden sponsorships, and algorithm-based targeting can harm consumers financially and emotionally. It also highlights the difficulties faced by governments in controlling misleading advertisements across different countries. Finally, the study suggests practical solutions like stronger laws, better monitoring systems, stricter penalties, and increased consumer awareness to improve accountability in digital advertising.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20409758

Impact of Family Climate on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Nainital District of Uttarakhand

Authors: Sony Garwal, Dr. Lotika Amit

Abstract: Adolescence is the period of rapid growth. It is a period of transition when the past will affect the present as well as the future. Family is the basic environment which prepares the young children for future responsibilities, and parental attitude. Family consists of many factors such as culture of family, facility of family, standard of living in family. The growth and development of each person of the family members is dependent on family. In teaching learning phenomena, family circumstances are determining the learning abilities of the child; it leads their academic performance in different stages. Academic achievement depends on their family conditions like socioeconomic status, family type, family adjustment and health conditions etc. family climate is vast term. It includes various components which individually and collectively affects an individual. If family climate is favourable, it could make an average person into a distinct personality, but on the other hand, an unfavourable one could destroy all the chances for success of a brilliant person. The objectives of the study are to find out the difference in academic achievement between male and female students, to find out the impact of family climate on academic achievement of secondary school students. Survey method was used for the study. 378 Secondary school students of age ranged from 14- 18 years for the both males and females from Nainital district were taken as sample. The family climate questionnaire developed by Dr. Beena Shah (2006) has been used to measure the family climate of secondary school students. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and t test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between males and females towards their academic achievement as academic achievement was found to be more among females as compared to males. As far as impact of family climate on academic achievement was concerned among students, some aspects of family climate showed significant differences while some did not.

Indian Knowledge System and Sustainbility

Authors: Pinki Saini, Prof Seema kohli

Abstract: The growing concerns of climate change, ecological degradation, and unsustainable resource utilization have intensified the search for alternative knowledge frameworks that promote long-term environmental balance. The Indian Knowledge System (IKS), developed over centuries through empirical observation and philosophical inquiry, presents a holistic approach to sustainability rooted in the principles of ecological harmony, cyclicity, and ethical responsibility. This study critically examines the role of IKS in fostering sustainable practices across domains such as agriculture, water resource management, healthcare, and architecture. Traditional methods, including mixed cropping, rainwater harvesting, and climate-responsive construction, demonstrate adaptive strategies that are inherently aligned with local ecosystems and biodiversity conservation. Furthermore, the philosophical underpinnings of IKS—such as the concept of “Prakriti–Purusha” interdependence and the ethic of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”—provide a normative framework for sustainable living. The research adopts an interdisciplinary approach by integrating qualitative analysis of classical texts and secondary data with contemporary sustainability models. It evaluates the relevance and applicability of indigenous knowledge in addressing modern environmental challenges and achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). The findings suggest that incorporating IKS into current policy and practice can enhance ecological resilience, promote resource efficiency, and support culturally inclusive sustainability frameworks. The study concludes that a synergistic integration of traditional knowledge systems with modern scientific approaches is essential for developing sustainable and context-specific solutions in the 21st century.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20425711

Evolution Of National Education Policies (1968, 1986 And 2020) In India With Reference To Higher Education

Authors: Dr. Ranjini Ghosh

Abstract: Education plays a transformative role in nation-building, socio-economic development, cultural integration, and human resource development. Since independence, India has attempted to reform its educational system through various policy frameworks to address emerging national and global needs. The present paper critically analyses the evolution of educational policies in India with special reference to the National Policy on Education (NPE) 1968, National Policy on Education 1986 with Programme of Action (1992), and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The study particularly focuses on higher education reforms, comparing the philosophical foundations, objectives, structural changes, and implementation strategies of these policies. The paper adopts a qualitative and theoretical methodology based on secondary data collected from books, research journals, policy documents, reports, and official government publications. The findings reveal that NPE 1968 emphasized national integration, equal educational opportunity, and scientific development; NPE 1986 focused on universalization, equity, teacher education, and modernization; while NEP 2020 promotes multidisciplinary learning, flexibility, research orientation, digitalization, and global competitiveness. The study concludes that NEP 2020 represents a transformative shift in Indian higher education, though successful implementation requires adequate funding, teacher preparation, infrastructure development, and policy coordination.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20443493

Barriers To Voter Registration In Rural Communities In Cameroon: The Case Of Limbe Municipality

Authors: Sokem Assoua Riccardo, Desonge Kelvin Obase

Abstract: The Limbe Municipality which is characterized by its unique socio-economic and cultural landscape has a diverse population with varying levels of education, economic status, and access to information. These factors contribute significantly to the challenges faced in voter registration including Limited resources at local administrative offices leading to inefficiencies that discourage potential voters from registering, lack of sufficient registration centers, poor timing of Registration Campaigns, a significant lack of awareness about the importance of voter registration and the electoral process among rural populations, societal norms that limit women participation, While registering to vote should be free, associated costs such as transportation or time off work can pose significant barriers for low-income individuals living in rural areas like limbe and Economic pressures also lead individuals to prioritize immediate financial concerns over civic engagement activities like voter registration. The study explores and categorize the barriers to voter registration in the limbe municipality making use of the Social Capital Theory and the Institutional Theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design and employed a framework where primary and secondary data were collected through questionnaires, books and journals. The study found that Socio-economic barriers, such as low income, lack of education, and unemployment, significantly impede voter registration in the Limbe Municipality. The study recommends that there should be reform in the electoral commission to ensure its independence, impartiality, and efficiency. Improve the registration process by streamlining procedures, reducing wait times, and ensuring adequate staffing and resources at registration centers. Promote transparency by publishing registration data and making it accessible to the public. This addresses political and institutional factors, building trust in the electoral process.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20449402

Challenges In The Integration Of Vocational Training Into Public Primary Education: A Comparative Analysis Of India’s National Education Policy 2020 And Tanzania’s 2014 Education And Training Policy

Authors: Johnstone J. Lumenyera1, Sairendra Bhuyan2

Abstract: Vocational training within basic education has become strategic for developed and developing countries, particularly in providing pupils with meaningful, marketable life skills. In the twenty-first global economy, the advantages of providing vocational education from a young age to encourage innovation, entrepreneurship and solutions to practical problems are becoming more widely recognised, as is the role it plays in helping combat unemployment. This is a critical study of the challenges of vocational training in the Tanzanian and Indian national primary education systems, focusing on the gap between policy and practice. There are, however, a few important impediments to the successful adoption in both scenarios. These include teaching loads, rigid academic timetables, unqualified teachers with no vocational background and weak infrastructure and attitudes towards non-academic career options. Funding constraints in Tanzania and the decentralised governance system in India also complicate the institutionalisation of VET. This study is conducted in a comparative qualitative approach that utilises secondary data from UNESCO documents, publications produced by the education ministry and academic research, policy document analysis and literature evaluation. Both countries’ vocational education appears to have potential but is often merely talk, with structural shortcomings. The paper concludes that successful integration requires additional funding, curriculum redesign, improved teacher training, and a greater community awareness. Further, cross-country learning offers techniques and best practices for local-level curriculum design. Overall, by offering workable, context-sensitive alternatives, this study adds to the worldwide conversation on skills-based education

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20488206

From Strategic Realism to Nation Integration: Sardar Patel’s Strategic Vision and the Making of Modern India

Authors: Dr. Shailendra Kumar, Anshuman Ankit, Avinash Kumar Sonu

Abstract: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who was India’s inaugural Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs, provides a perfect source of inspiration through his legacy as the first Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs. His exceptional leadership in the integration of princely states into independent India stands as a remarkable example for leaders across various fields. His relentless dedication and strategic diplomacy resulted in the unification of 562 princely states into a cohesive India. Sardar Patel embodied a strong character and dedication across various fields of national importance. His perspectives and ideas regarding India’s long- term security and the evolving geopolitical landscape were both realistic and foresighted. Patel’s views on India’s international challenges were largely influenced by the historical context of his time and his role as a builder of the nation. He recognized the implications of the ‘cold-war’ phenomenon and its impact on the geopolitical tensions among major powers. A staunch advocate of democracy, Patel opposed Communism. Patel’s inclusive strategy made certain that the varied perspectives and desires of the princely states were acknowledged and valued, creating a feeling of unity and belonging among the populace. His legacy as the “Iron Man of India” still serves as an inspiration for leaders globally, highlighting the significance of unity in constructing a robust and thriving nation. As a pragmatist and realist, Patel was an astute analyst of global affairs and promoted a practical approach to foreign policy over mere symbolic idealism. He consistently insisted that no action should be taken that might jeopardize India’s territorial integrity, particularly warning against the internationalization of the Kashmir conflict. “Let me be clear, we will not yield an inch of Kashmir territory to anyone,” Patel is famously quoted as saying. His inclusive vision was highlighted by his emphasis on secularism, protection of minority rights, and promotion of Hindi as the national language. Patel’s legacy, characterized by his dedication to national unity, administrative efficiency, and strategic foresight, continues to serve as an inspiration and roadmap for India’s progress toward a bright, united, and prosperous future. This paper seeks to analyse Sardar Patel’s perspective during a period in history when the geopolitical landscape, both domestically and internationally, had a significant impact on India’s overall foreign policy. Indeed, his role in the development of India’s foreign policy was crucial to the survival and consolidation of India as a country.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20488891

Exploring Green HRM Practices and CSR Integration

Authors: Ms. Prachi Panwar, Assistant Professor Ms. Shruti Rawat

Abstract: The growing emphasis on environmental sustainability has encouraged organizations to integrate Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) practices with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategies. This research paper explores the integration of Green HRM practices and CSR initiatives. The study is entirely based on secondary data collected from sustainability reports, annual reports, CSR disclosures, company websites, industry publications, and peer-reviewed academic literature. The paper examines how Green HRM practices such as green recruitment, environmental training, performance management, employee engagement in sustainability programs, and green workplace initiatives are aligned with CSR objectives. It further analyzes how the integration of these practices contributes to environmental performance, stakeholder trust, corporate reputation, and long-term sustainability. The findings derived from secondary sources has strategically embedded environmental responsibility within its HR

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20508416

Awareness of Parents for Higher Education of Children: A Sociological Analysis

Authors: Subal Tandi

Abstract: We cannot simply discuss how higher education in India is located in urban cities without also discussing rural education, which accounts for almost of the schools being located in rural areas. When we talk about higher education in India, we deeply discuss rural education that constitutes almost. Recent studies have demonstrated how higher education in rural sections of the nation has changed significantly, but certain distant places still require urgent review since children there are not receiving fundamental, high-quality education. We cannot help but agree that education is the key to improving a community and the country as a whole, and we consider this as we go through our own educational formation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20510525

Factors Making Students to Shun Away from Vocational Training Programmes Despite Being Offered Cdf Bursary: A Case Study of Kasenengwa and Chipangali Constituencies

Authors: Chikahya Grandson, Dr Phiri John

Abstract: This study investigates the factors that discourage students from enrolling in vocational training programmes in rural Zambia, even when financial support is available through the Constituency Development Fund (CDF) bursary scheme. Focusing on Kasenengwa and Chipangali Constituencies, the research aimed to assess youth awareness of vocational training, identify barriers to participation despite the bursary, and examine prevailing attitudes towards vocational skill acquisition. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study collected data from 40 youths (20 male, 20 female) using questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative insights provided contextual depth. The findings reveal a significant paradox: while 50% of youths are aware of vocational training opportunities, participation remains low due to a confluence of negative perceptions and structural barriers. Key factors identified include limited perceived career growth and promotion opportunities (80%), a lack of new and modern specializations (85%), and societal and familial attitudes that devalue vocational work in favor of academic “white-collar” professions. Furthermore, 70% of respondents held a negative attitude towards vocational training, largely influenced by the legacy of colonial-era associations with manual labor and contemporary concerns over job security and low wages. The study concludes that the CDF bursary alone is insufficient to overcome deep-seated socio-cultural biases and structural shortcomings within the vocational education and training (VET) sector. To enhance enrolment, the research recommends a multi-pronged strategy: integrating career guidance and counselling in training institutions to reshape perceptions; revitalising and diversifying VET curricula to align with labor market demands; and implementing policy interventions to improve the remuneration and status of vocational professions. These measures are essential to harness the potential of VET for youth empowerment and national development.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20512062

Effects Of School Administration And Management On Grade Twelve (12) School Certificate Performance Of Day Secondary Schools: A Case Study Of Three Schools In Petauke District, Eastern Province Of Zambia

Authors: Mwamba Lucky Mutale, Dr. Phiri John

Abstract: The performance of learners at school certificate level or grade twelve level has not been consistently good among day secondary schools despite the so many efforts that the government and its cooperating partners have provided to uplift the education opportunities of learners like free education policy and many others, still the outcomes have not been proportion to the inputs. A study therefore was done to try to unveil the leading factors to this under-performance of learners academically at school certificate level specifically dealing with day secondary schools. In this study, administration and management of a day secondary school was to be tasked for the under-performance of learners. The study made use of qualitative method with real data of performance of learners collected from guidance department, and information collected from learners, teachers, HODs and head teachers through questionnaires and interviews respectively. A case study research design was used to collect data from three selected day secondary schools of Petauke District, Eastern Zambia. The findings indicated that administration and management of the day secondary schools contributed a lot to the performance of learners academically through identification of key roles that institutional leadership played. Further, the findings indicated that indeed the performance of learners at school certificate level greatly depended on the administration and management of a day secondary school. Lastly, some practical practices of management were pointed out as proven to guarantee producing and maintaining of good results at the identified level In summary, it was clearly revealed that with the right administration and management of day secondary schools, practicing best management practices, good academic performance at school certificate level would be harmonized. Additionally, the study made recommendations that included, putting up boarding facilities in day secondary schools so that learners were monitored to curb indiscipline, appointment of leadership with appropriate qualifications and experience, increase on existing infrastructure, establish good flow of information to and fro in the structure of management, have frequent career talks with learners, have a compulsory well defined program of rewarding and giving incentives to deserving learners and teachers, government to deploy good number of qualified teachers to day secondary schools and many other measures.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20512380

Impact Of Artificial Intelligence on Education in Urbarn Schools of Lusaka, A Case of Five Secondary Schools

Authors: John Yohane Phiri, Dr Phiri John

Abstract: This study investigated the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on education in urban secondary schools in Lusaka, Zambia. It examined the extent and forms of AI adoption, and assessed effects on student learning outcomes, engagement, and motivation, alongside changes in teacher effectiveness and instructional practice. The research interrogated ethical and equity concerns, including algorithmic bias, transparency, and differential access, and it located findings within the local policy and infrastructural context. A convergent of this research was on Libala, Kamwala, David Kaunda, Kabulonga, and Rhodes park Secondary Schools. Mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected via structured questionnaires from a stratified sample of 200 students and 50 teachers, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests (t-tests, ANOVA, regression) in SPSS. Qualitative data were generated through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document review in five purposively selected case schools and were analyzed thematically with NVivo. The study anticipated that AI-powered adaptive systems and analytics had improved individualized learning and formative feedback, that teacher workload was partially reduced through automation while pedagogical roles became more diagnostic and supervisory, and that gains were moderated by inequitable access and limited teacher training. The study contributed empirically grounded, context-sensitive evidence on how AI shaped learning and teaching in a low-resource urban setting and clarified the trade-offs between pedagogical affordances and ethical risks. Findings informed practical recommendations for policymakers, school leaders, and ed-tech developers to priorities equitable roll-out, transparent algorithmic design, and sustained teacher professional development. These recommendations were expected to guide responsible AI integration to enhance learning outcomes without undermining educational equity.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20512517

Equity In The Allocation Of Educational Resources In Rural School Zones: A Study Of Sonja Zone, Lusangazi District

Authors: Kondwani Sakala, Dr Phiri John

Abstract: This study examined how educational resources were allocated across primary and secondary schools in Sonja Zone, Lusangazi District, with a focus on equity. Using a convergent parallel mixed methods design, I combined quantitative school audits and questionnaires with semi structured interviews and classroom observations to capture both the measurable distribution of inputs and the lived experiences of headteachers, teachers, students, and district officers. The approach allowed a clear mapping of teacher qualifications, pupil–teacher ratios, and availability of learning materials against geographic and socioeconomic markers. Findings showed persistent and uneven resource distribution: rural schools in more remote and socioeconomically disadvantaged parts of Sonja Zone had fewer certified teachers, higher pupil–teacher ratios, and noticeably lower textbook and learning aid availability. Qualitative narratives linked these patterns to policy design flaws, logistical constraints, and limited community capacity to supplement official allocations; teachers described frequent improvisation and heightened workloads, while students reported sharing materials and reduced opportunities for independent study. Statistical analyses confirmed significant associations between resource shortfalls and indicators of lower teacher self-efficacy and weaker student readiness measures. Based on these integrated insights, the study proposed practical, context sensitive strategies to improve fairness, including revisions to funding formulas to account for remoteness and need, targeted deployment and incentive packages for rural teachers, and community linked monitoring mechanisms to track resource flows. The recommendations emphasized feasible, locally led actions that district authorities and partner organisations could adopt to narrow gaps and strengthen learning environments across Sonja Zone.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20512618

Factors Influencing Curriculum Implementation In Commerce: A Case Of Four Selected Secondary Schools (Chasefu Day Secondary School, Emusa Day Secondary School, Hoya Day Secondary School And Lupamazi Day Secondary School) In Rural Chasefu District, Zambia.

Authors: Nthele Elisha, Mr. Mac’holder Mazumbo

Abstract: This study focused on factors influencing curriculum implementation in Commerce in rural Chasefu District. The study was triggered by existing studies which only focussed broadly on curriculum delivery or concentrated on urban schools, leaving a critical gap in understanding rural-specific dynamics. However, the objectives of the study were to identify factors that influence the Curriculum Implementation in Commerce (i.e., Chasefu District in particular), analyse the views of various stakeholders regarding the challenges and establish effective strategies to ameliorate curriculum implementation in commerce.The implication of the study was to offer practical insights and experiences to the Head of Departments, Teachers and Learners in the curriculum implementation of Commerce pathway. The study employed descriptive case study design in order to understand practices and experiences factors influencing curriculum implementation, using qualitative research approach to collect data. The study population was represented by pupils pursing the Business Studies Oriented Career Pathway, Business Studies Teachers and the Heads of Departments (HOD) for Business Studies Department. The study used purposive sampling to select four (4) Head of Departments, twelve (12) Subject Teachers and two hundred twenty-four (224) learners carefully selected from rural four (4) Secondary Schools having Business Studies Oriented Career Pathway. Research instruments chosen for the study were interviews and questionnaire guides. The study used qualitative data analysis to elucidate and analyse data. Findings of the study were tabulated according to study themes related to objectives. Findings revealed that factors that influence the effective implementation of the curriculum in commerce were training and expertise of teachers, resource, instructional leadership and Learner motivation. Further challenges for the study were lack of teaching and learning materials, poor teaching methods attributed by lack of teacher training and Continuous Profession Development. In reference to the challenges, strategies were identified to ameliorate curriculum implementation in Commerce. Based on the findings, the study recommends the Ministry of Education through Curriculum Development Centre (CDC) to provide ongoing training and support for teachers to develop their acumens and confidence in implementing new curricula. The government of Zambia to include budgetary allocation to ensure adequate allocation of resources, such as textbooks, technology, and infrastructure, to support effective curriculum implementation in Commerce. Nonetheless, further research suggests exploring factors inhibiting academic performance in commerce in rural selected secondary schools.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20521006

The Impact Of E-Commerce On Retail Trade Business And Consumer Purchasing Patterns In Hyderabad City

Authors: Samreen Sultana, Dr. Chokkamreddy Prakash, Dr. Ch. Naresh

Abstract: The rapid growth of e-commerce has significantly transformed the retail sector and influenced consumer purchasing behavior across urban markets. This study examines the impact of e-commerce on retail trade businesses and consumer purchasing patterns in Hyderabad City. The primary objective of the study is to analyze how online shopping affects traditional retail businesses and to understand the factors influencing consumers’ adoption of e-commerce platforms. A descriptive research design was adopted, and primary data were collected from 204 respondents through a structured questionnaire. Secondary data were gathered from journals, books, research articles, and online sources related to e-commerce and consumer behavior. The findings reveal that convenience, competitive pricing, product variety, home delivery services, and digital payment options are the major factors motivating consumers to engage in online shopping. The study further indicates that demographic factors significantly influence online shopping behavior. Statistical analysis shows a strong positive relationship between e-commerce usage and consumer purchasing patterns. Moreover, the results confirm that e-commerce has a significant impact on retail trade businesses, leading to increased competition and compelling traditional retailers to adopt digital strategies and omnichannel approaches. Despite the challenges faced by conventional retailers, e-commerce also offers opportunities for business growth, market expansion, and enhanced customer engagement. The study concludes that e-commerce has become a powerful force in reshaping the retail landscape and consumer buying behavior in Hyderabad City. The findings provide valuable insights for retailers, marketers, policymakers, and researchers in understanding the evolving dynamics of the digital retail environment.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20524755

Recognition, Ritual, and Indigenous Identity: Reinterpreting Charles Taylor’s Hermeneutics of Recognition Through the Philosophical Worldview of the Irula Community of Attapadi, Kerala, India

Authors: Salmanul Faris V

Abstract: This paper develops an intercultural dialogue between Charles Taylor’s hermeneutics of recognition and the living philosophy of the Irula community of Attapadi, in the Palakkad district of Kerala. It examines how an indigenous epistemology articulates a relational understanding of being that both deepens and extends Taylor’s account of the dialogical self. For Taylor, the self is not a self-enclosed, “punctual” subject but an identity constituted within what he terms a “web of interlocution”: one cannot be a self on one’s own, but only in relation to interlocutors who are essential to one’s self-definition (Taylor, 1989). The argument advanced here is that Irula ritual life, oral tradition, and ecological ethics give embodied form to this dialogical ontology while pressing beyond its anthropocentric limits. Performances such as the circular Kummi dance and the community’s narrative and ceremonial traditions enact a lived philosophy of interdependence in which personhood, nature, and the sacred are mutually constitutive. Against the modern ideal of an autonomous individual, Irula thought frames personhood as relational and ecological, grounded in reciprocal recognition extended to both human and other-than-human worlds. Read in this way, recognition is reconceived from an interpersonal moral gesture into a cosmological principle of balance and continuity-an orientation consonant with Gadamer’s claim that genuine understanding is achieved dialogically, through the medium of a shared language (Gadamer, 1989). Situating this exchange within a decolonial framework informed by Smith (2012) and Mignolo (2011), the paper argues that Irula cultural expressions are not anthropological curiosities but philosophical acts-forms of resilience that sustain ethical meaning amid marginalisation and ecological disruption. Integrating Taylor’s hermeneutics with Irula relational wisdom, the study reimagines recognition as a holistic process with ethical, ecological, and spiritual dimensions, and proposes that hermeneutic philosophy expand beyond the human toward a dialogical ethics of coexistence in which understanding the world and caring for it are inseparable.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20526324

An Investigation on Climate Change Vulnerability and Adoption Strategies Among Small-Scale Farmers in Nsama District

Authors: Banda Killion

Abstract: Climate change poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity, particularly among small-scale farmers in developing countries such as Zambia. This study investigates the vulnerability of small-scale farmers in Nsama District and examines the adaptation strategies they employ to cope with climate-related challenges. A mixed-methods research design was used, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and field observations. Findings indicate that farmers are highly vulnerable due to their dependence on rain-fed agriculture, limited financial resources, and inadequate access to climate information. The study also reveals that farmers adopt various strategies such as crop diversification, conservation farming, and adjusting planting dates. However, these strategies are constrained by socio-economic and institutional barriers. The study recommends strengthening extension services, improving access to climate information, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20537881

The Impact of Reinforcement on Academic Performance of Pupils in Natural Sciences (Physics): A Case Study of Selected Secondary Schools in Lupososhi District

Authors: Bwalya Kelvin

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of reinforcement on the academic performance of pupils in Natural Sciences (Physics) in selected secondary schools in Lupososhi District, Zambia. Grounded in behaviorist and social learning theories, the study examines how reinforcement strategies influence learners’ motivation, participation, and achievement. A mixed-methods research design was employed, involving 120 respondents (100 pupils and 20 teachers). Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The findings indicate that positive reinforcement strategies—particularly verbal praise, structured feedback, and recognition—significantly enhance pupils’ engagement and academic performance in Physics. However, structural challenges such as overcrowded classrooms, inadequate instructional resources, and limited pedagogical training constrain effective implementation. The study concludes that reinforcement is a critical instructional tool for improving learning outcomes in science education when applied systematically and equitably. It recommends targeted teacher training, improved resource provision, and integration of reinforcement strategies into classroom practice.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20538078

An Examination of the Challenges Teachers Face in Teaching the English Language in Rural Schools: A Study of Five Selected Public Schools in Chilubi District, Northern Province, Zambia.

Authors: Makungu Jeremiah Choongo

Abstract: This study examines the challenges teachers face in teaching the English language in rural secondary schools in Chilubi District, Northern Province of Zambia. English is the official language of instruction in Zambia and plays a critical role in learners’ academic success. However, teaching English in rural areas presents numerous challenges that affect both teaching effectiveness and learner performance. The study employed a mixed-methods research design involving 100 respondents, including teachers, pupils, and school administrators from five selected public schools. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The findings revealed that major challenges include lack of teaching and learning materials, inadequate teacher training, large class sizes, limited exposure to English outside the classroom, and negative learner attitudes. Additionally, infrastructural challenges and language barriers further complicate instruction. The study concludes that these challenges significantly hinder effective English language teaching and learning in rural schools. The study recommends increased government support, improved teacher training, provision of adequate teaching materials, and the promotion of English language use within school environments.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20538186

An Investigation of The Role of Civic Education in The Governance of Schools in Selected Secondary Schools in Muchinga Province of Zambia

Authors: Kaluba Major

Abstract: This study investigates the role of Civic Education in strengthening governance practices in selected secondary schools in Muchinga Province, Zambia. Civic Education is widely recognized as a critical subject that develops learners’ democratic values, civic responsibility, and participation in governance structures. The study employed a mixed-methods research design involving 120 respondents comprising pupils, teachers, and school administrators. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Findings reveal that Civic Education significantly enhances learner participation in school governance structures such as student councils, improves discipline through value internalization, and strengthens accountability and transparency in decision-making processes. However, challenges such as inadequate teaching resources, limited instructional time, insufficiently trained teachers, and weak policy enforcement hinder its effectiveness. The study concludes that Civic Education is a fundamental driver of democratic school governance and recommends improved curriculum implementation, teacher professional development, and strengthened institutional support.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20538216

Implementation of the Competency-Based Curriculum in Civic Education: A Case Study of Mporokoso and Bweupe Primary Schools in Mporokoso District, Northern Zambia.

Authors: Kambinga Charles

Abstract: The Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) introduced in Zambia represents a significant shift from traditional content-based teaching to a learner-centered approach that emphasizes the acquisition of practical skills, values, and competencies. In Civic Education, CBC aims to develop responsible citizens who are knowledgeable about governance, democracy, human rights, and social responsibility. Despite its potential benefits, the implementation of CBC in rural schools continues to face numerous challenges. This study investigated the implementation of CBC in Civic Education in Mporokoso and Bweupe Primary Schools in Mporokoso District. A mixed-method research design was employed involving 35 respondents, including DEBS officials, head teachers, teachers, caregivers, and parents. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and observations, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Findings revealed that CBC has enhanced learner participation, creativity, civic awareness, and communication skills. However, challenges such as lack of teaching materials, inadequate teacher training, overcrowded classrooms, and poor infrastructure significantly hinder effective implementation. The study concludes that successful implementation of CBC requires strong institutional support, improved funding, and continuous teacher professional development.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20538271

Digital Payment Adoption and Its Impact on Financial Inclusion in Emerging Economies

Authors: Assistant Professor Spoorthi R, Assistant Professor Dr. Stephen Raj S

Abstract: The advent of digital payment options has emerged as a breakthrough approach to realizing financial inclusion in emerging economies. In this paper, we investigate the impact of adopting digital payments on key factors like the number of accounts, savings, and loans per household in India, Brazil, Kenya, and Indonesia between 2021 to 2025. Using a methodology that involves the use of panel data analysis (sample size n=4,800 households) and structural equation modeling, it has been identified that a 10% rise in digital payments leads to a 6.2% growth in financial inclusion indices. However, there remain disparities in terms of gender and region-wise. It is identified that interoperable digital payments have the greatest impact on financial inclusion.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20555643

Psychosocial Stress, Parental Pressure, And Neurodevelopmental Vulnerability In Child And Adolescent Mental Health: A Mixed-Methods Study”

Authors: Dr Nilani Sammuarachchi

Abstract: Child and adolescent mental health disorders represent a rapidly escalating global public health concern, with increasing prevalence of anxiety, depression, emotional dysregulation, and stress-related developmental vulnerability. Among the most influential yet comparatively under-examined contributors to this burden is chronic parental pressure in combination with sustained psychosocial stress. Excessive academic expectations, performance-contingent approval, emotional invalidation, and fear-based parenting practices may function as persistent stressors that disrupt healthy psychological development and stress-regulation processes during critical periods of childhood and adolescence. This doctoral research investigates the impact of parental pressure and psychosocial stress on child and adolescent mental health outcomes within a mixed-methods public health framework. A TAP-IT mixed-methods design was employed, integrating quantitative assessment of psychological distress, behavioural outcomes, and stress-related indicators with qualitative exploration of lived experiences among children, adolescents, and parents. The study examined anxiety, depressive symptoms, emotional regulation, stress perception, family dynamics, and functional impairment, alongside indicators of neurophysiological stress reactivity, including autonomic nervous system dysregulation and stress-response patterns. The findings demonstrate a strong association between elevated parental pressure and increased levels of anxiety, depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance, emotional dysregulation, and academic burnout among children and adolescents. Patterns of stress reactivity observed across psychological and physiological indicators were consistent with chronic stress exposure and dysregulated stress-response systems. Qualitative findings further revealed prominent themes of fear of failure, emotional suppression, performance-based self-worth, social comparison, and limited psychological safety within the home environment. This study concludes that sustained parental pressure and chronic psychosocial stress constitute significant upstream public health determinants of child and adolescent mental health vulnerability. The findings support the urgent implementation of family-based stress-reduction initiatives, parental mental health education, school-based screening, and early psychological intervention strategies. This research provides evidence to inform national child mental health policy, community-level prevention programs, and integrative, family-centred public health intervention models.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20560750

Modelling Lean Marketing Adoption Readiness Among E-Grocery Retailers in India: The Role of Awareness and Perceptions

Authors: Mrs. Ashita, Dr. Saumendra Das, Prof. Shehbaz Ahmed

Abstract: The rapid expansion of electronic grocery (e-grocery) retailing has increased the need for operational efficiency and customer-centric marketing strategies (Verhoef et al., 2021). Lean Marketing has emerged as a strategic approach that emphasizes value creation, waste elimination, continuous improvement, and data-driven decision-making (Womack & Jones, 2003). Despite its potential to improve marketing effectiveness and organizational performance, its adoption among digital retailers remains underexplored in emerging economies. This study investigates the influence of awareness and perceptions on Lean Marketing adoption readiness among e-grocery retailers in Telangana, India. Data were collected from 260 retailers using a structured questionnaire and analyzed through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) (Hair et al., 2022). The findings reveal that awareness and favorable perceptions significantly influence organizational readiness for Lean Marketing adoption. The study extends organizational readiness and innovation adoption literature while offering practical insights for enhancing marketing efficiency and competitiveness in the digital retail sector.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20561184

The Impact Of Social Media Usage On Stress Levels Among High School Students In South Goa

Authors: Nida Sheik

Abstract: This research investigates the impact of social media usage on stress levels among high school students, with a focus on gender differences and the role of social comparison. The study addresses a critical research problem that is the excessive use of social media among adolescents and its implications for mental health. The primary objectives include examining how social media influences stress, identifying gender-specific stressors, and exploring the psychological mechanisms, such as social comparison, academics, and others, that exacerbate stress levels. Employing a qualitative approach, the study collected data from 120 students by administering a personal data sheet, perceived stress scale, and social media use scale to gain deeper insights into students’ experiences. Key findings reveal that excessive social media use correlates with heightened stress, and the higher the amount of time spent on social media, led to higher the stress among students. The research highlights the dual nature of social media as both a source of connection and a contributor to mental health challenges. These findings have significant implications for educators, parents, and policymakers, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to promote mindful digital engagement and reduce stress-inducing behaviors online. By addressing these challenges, this study contributes to fostering healthier online practices among adolescents.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20568416

Decolonizing Access: Rethinking Higher Education Licensing For African Youth Development

Authors: Dr. Hibeenzu Bornwell

Abstract: Africa’s youth population is projected to reach 1 billion by 2050, with 850 million youth and half of the 2 billion working-age population by 2063. Yet tertiary enrollment remains below 10% across sub-Saharan Africa, with the current gross tertiary enrollment ratio at 9.4% versus a global average of 38%. This gap exists despite rising demand: over 70% of qualified secondary school graduates are denied university placement each year due to limited public capacity. This paper argues that restrictive licensing regimes for higher education institutions constitute a structural barrier to human capital development. Using policy analysis and comparative case studies from Rwanda, Mauritius, and Zambia, the study examines how “recognition-through-performance” models can decouple the right to teach from the right to certify. Rwanda’s shift to competencybased assessment and Mauritius’ liberalization of private higher education provide evidence that quality assurance can occur without pre-entry gatekeeping. The findings suggest that liberalizing entry for education providers, while strengthening outcome-based accountability, can accelerate skills acquisition, entrepreneurship, and economic resilience among African youth. This is especially critical given that each additional year of schooling raises earnings by 12-13.5% in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for NESAB Africa and member states to reform licensing laws, expand access without compromising quality, and treat education infrastructure with the same urgency as roads and power. Keywords: Higher education, Africa, youth development, licensing reform, access, NESAB Africa, recognition-through-performance.

Emotional Branding And Brand Loyalty: Examining The Role Of Consumer Feelings As A Strategic Catalyst

Authors: Dr. D. Kamatchi, Dr. P. Baby

Abstract: In an era of intense market competition characterised by product parity and accelerating consumer choice, emotional branding has emerged as a pivotal strategy for constructing durable brand–consumer relationships. This study investigates the role of consumer feelings as a strategic catalyst for brand loyalty in the electronic products market in Salem City, Tamil Nadu. Drawing on a primary survey of 130 respondents and analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square testing, the study evaluates customer perceptions of emotionally branded products and identifies the emotional dimensions—particularly trust, happiness, and excitement—that most significantly shape consumer loyalty. The findings confirm that trust is the dominant emotional driver of brand preference, accounting for 35% of emotional associations, followed by happiness and excitement. Product quality, brand image, and emotional connection emerge as the principal determinants of purchase decisions. A chi-square analysis establishes that the emotional–loyalty relationship transcends demographic variations in gender, age, and income, affirming the cross-segmental efficacy of emotional branding. The study contributes actionable strategic recommendations for marketers seeking to deepen customer engagement and sustain long-term brand commitment through emotionally resonant brand communication.

DOI: http://doi.org/

A Critical Review Of Embankment Dams In China: From Ancient Origins To 300 M Frontiers

Authors: Wing Cheung Tang

Abstract: Embankment dams, built with locally available earth and rock materials, are the dominant dam type in China, representing over 90% of the country’s approximately 98,000 dams. The review covers the history, technology, design methods, safety concepts, and new frontiers of embankment dam engineering in China in a comprehensive way. The analysis is a development path from ancient earthen embankments (c. 600 BCE) to today’s 300 metre class ultra-high earth core rockfill dams. China’s engineering accomplishments are placed in a four-phase historical context: arduous initiation (1904–1949), independent entrepreneurship (1950–1979), catch up (1980–1999), and breakthrough development (2000–present). Emphasis is placed on the critical nexus of embankment dam safety and contemporary challenges, such as ageing infrastructure (approximately 90,000 dams from the 1950s–1970s now exceeding or approaching design life), seismic vulnerability in tectonically active western China (PGA up to 0.5 g), increasing extreme hydrological events due to climate change, and unique biological hazards, including termite induced internal erosion. The review embraces recent developments in intelligent construction, deformation control theory, seepage remediation technologies and seismic response analysis. Key knowledge gaps are identified; long term rockfill creep behaviour; scale effects in material testing; climate change implications for spillway adequacy; risk-based decision frameworks for ageing infrastructure and integration of monitoring data into predictive models. China’s embankment dam enterprise has been argued to have moved from a technological follower to a global leader. The need remains to consolidate risk informed safety management and remediation investment for the vast inventory of ageing medium and low height dams. Research priorities and policy recommendations are presented in the concluding review.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20572917

Relationship Between Optimism And Self-Regulation Among Higher Secondary School Students

Authors: Mohammad Haneefa K P

Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between optimism and self-regulation among higher secondary school students. Using a survey method, data were collected from 600 students from Malappuram and Kozhikode districts. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between optimism and self-regulation (r = .579, p < .01). No significant differences were observed based on gender, locality, or school management. The findings suggest that optimism contributes positively to students’ self-regulatory behaviors and educational outcomes

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20581866

Remote Work Culture And Employee Retention In India: An Empirical Study Of Post-Pandemic Workforce Dynamics

Authors: Dr Surbhi Dubey Misra

Abstract: The rapid adoption of remote work culture after the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed organizational practices and employee expectations across India. Organizations increasingly rely on flexible work arrangements to improve employee satisfaction, productivity, and retention. However, sustaining employee engagement and long-term retention in remote work environments remains a critical managerial challenge. This study examines the relationship between remote work culture and employee retention among Indian employees working in information technology, consulting, education, banking, and service sectors. The study identifies major dimensions of remote work culture, including work-life balance, organizational support, communication effectiveness, flexibility, technological infrastructure, and employee well-being. Using a quantitative research approach, the paper develops a conceptual framework linking remote work practices to employee retention outcomes. The findings indicate that supportive remote work culture positively influences employee satisfaction, organizational commitment, and retention intentions. The study further highlights challenges such as social isolation, work overload, digital fatigue, and communication gaps that negatively affect retention. The paper recommends that organizations strengthen digital collaboration systems, mental well-being initiatives, flexible policies, and leadership support to improve employee retention in hybrid and remote work settings. The study contributes to the growing literature on human resource management, organizational behavior, and future workplace strategies in emerging economies.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20581928

Feeding Millions, Straining Systems: Rethinking India’s Mid-Day Meal Programme

Authors: Sheen Thankalayam

Abstract: India’s one of the crucial and conspicuous schemes for improving schoolchildren’s nutrition is PM POSHAN, a revised version of the previous Mid-Day Meal Programme. This initiative results in a significant increase in the number of school attendees. Along with the studies, the students’ physical health and nutrition are given importance. This scheme turns out to be the world’s largest school-feeding endeavour as it ensures equity among the students from various backgrounds across diverse regions. Educational access has also been amplified due to this. However, implementing this infrastructure requires additional refinement. Because of the mediocre execution, several challenges, including financial crises, labour welfare issues, and uneven decentralisation, have arisen. The successful installation of the scheme in a few states does not deny the fact that several other states still struggle with the same issues due to the uneven supply and unsystematic monitoring. Most often, the women workers are assigned these labours for insufficient wages. Their toils are not even recognised or made invisible, which underscores the feminisation of welfare. During the pandemic era, the vulnerabilities of this scheme have been exposed more as the infrastructure lacks any persistent precautionary strategies. Since the schools act as the primary nutrition providers, the pandemic interrupted the systemic flow of the project. The aim of this study is to dissect the progressive features of the PM POSHAN, coupled with the shortcomings of the infrastructure. Research thus focuses on aspects of nutritional status, social equality and equity, and employees’ recognition to enhance the child welfare development program of the country.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20758711

Trusting Strangers in the Digital Market Place

Authors: Ms. Durga P, Ms. Ruman Afrin S, Mrs. Jeya Padma Deepa I

Abstract: The rapidly expanding digital marketplace, trust has become a fundamental factor influencing In transactions between consumers and unfamiliar sellers. Unlike traditional markets, digital environments lack physical interaction, making buyers more vulnerable to uncertainty, perceived risk, and opportunistic behavior. This article examines how trust is developed between strangers in online markets and the mechanisms that enable users to engage confidently in digital transactions. It explores the role of technological features such as secure payment systems, encryption, privacy policies, and platform design in reducing risk and enhancing credibility. Additionally, social mechanisms including customer reviews, ratings, word-of-mouth communication, and reputation systems are analyzed as powerful tools that influence trust formation. The study also highlights the role of digital platforms and intermediaries in acting as trust facilitators by enforcing rules, resolving disputes, and ensuring transparency. Furthermore, the article discusses challenges such as data breaches, fake reviews, and online fraud, which threaten consumer confidence and trust sustainability. By reviewing existing studies and real-world practices, the article concludes that trust in digital markets is a dynamic and multi-dimensional process shaped by technological assurance, social validation, and institutional safeguards. Strengthening these elements is essential for encouraging participation, repeat transactions, and long-term growth in digital commerce.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20615128

A Study On Supply Chain Attacks As A Hidden Risk In Financial Software Used For Budgeting With Special Reference To Coimbatore City

Authors: Ms. Sakthi C, Ms. Rithika S, Mrs. Jeya Padma Deepa I

Abstract: In the digital age, financial budgeting software has become an essential tool for individuals and organizations to manage finances, plan expenses, and support effective decision-making. Despite its advantages, the increasing reliance on such software has introduced significant cyber security concerns, particularly in the form of supply chain attacks. These attacks occur when cybercriminals exploit weaknesses in third-party vendors, external libraries, or software updates to gain unauthorized access to systems. As these elements are generally trusted, such threats often remain undetected until serious damage occurs. This study focuses on examining supply chain attacks as a hidden risk in financial software used for budgeting, with special reference to Coimbatore city. The research is based on secondary data, case studies, and insights gathered from financial professionals to understand the nature of these threats and the vulnerabilities involved. The study highlights the importance of adopting strong cyber security practices, including proper vendor evaluation, regular monitoring, and user awareness. It aims to provide practical suggestions to improve the security and reliability of financial software systems.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20615207

Motivation Behind Digital Banking Adoption: An Empherical Analysis

Authors: Mr.Satheesh S, Mr. Sanjay J

Abstract: The banking industry is in utmost development. The emergence of internet and its widespread patronage provides an opportunity for modern transition in the banking industry. This in turn has an impact on transfer of Traditional banking towards Digital banking. The objective of the study is to analyse the factors influencing the banking customers towards digital banking adoption and determine the services that are attracted by banking customers. Primary data were collected from 68 respondents using structured questionnaire and the respondents were the banking customers of Coimbatore city. Non-Probability sampling method namely convenience sampling technique was adopted to select the sample respondents. Accordingly the collected data were analysed using discriptive statistics and ranking technique. The result of the study reveals the convenience factor influences the most and also the service of easy fund transfer attracts the banking customer to adopt digital banking.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20615619

Comprehencive Study on the Need for Sustainable Marketing of Ponni Rice at Coimbatore

Authors: Mr. Akash R, Mr. Shri vishnu S, Mrs. Haseena N

Abstract: Sustainable marketing has become essential in the agricultural sector due to increasing environmental concerns and changing consumer preferences. This study focuses on Ponni rice, a widely consumed non-basmati rice variety in South India, and examines the need for sustainable marketing practices. Ponni rice is valued for its nutritional benefits, low glycemic index, and eco-friendly cultivation potential. However, lack of awareness, improper branding, and limited promotion of sustainability attributes reduce its market potential. This research analyzes consumer behavior, environmental impact, and marketing strategies to identify the importance of sustainable marketing. The study highlights how eco-friendly packaging, ethical sourcing, and awareness campaigns can enhance demand and support farmers. Sustainable marketing not only improves profitability but also ensures environmental protection and long-term food security

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20615855

Educating The Rural Folk: The Historical Role Of Palliyam LP School In Social Transformation In Rural Kerala

Authors: Adithiya P

Abstract: This study examines the historical evolution of Palliyam LP School, Thillenkeri, Kannur, and its contribution to educational and social transformation in rural Kerala. Using historical methodology, archival records, interviews, and local development documents, the article analyzes how a primary school became an instrument of literacy, social mobility, democratization, and cultural change. The study argues that elementary education played a significant role in weakening caste barriers, promoting civic consciousness, and facilitating socio-economic development in North Malabar.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20625491

Integrating Indigenous Knowledge System in Redesigning Contemporary Teacher Education Programs through National Education Policy 2020

Authors: Chinmayee Behera

Abstract: The Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) provides a holistic and time-tested framework for education that emphasizes the complete development of an individual physically, mentally, emotionally, intellectually, and spiritually. In contrast to modern/contemporary education, which often prioritizes information transmission, ancient Indian education was rooted in transformation, character building, and self-realization. A truly transformative teacher education program must integrate foundational IKS concepts such as Panchakosh (the five sheaths of human personality) and Ashtanga Yoga (the eight-limbed path of self-discipline and realization).The Panchakosh model promotes integral development, from the physical body (Annamaya) to the blissful self (Anandamaya), while Ashtanga Yoga cultivates ethical behavior, emotional balance, mental clarity, and spiritual insight. Together, these frameworks support the creation of reflective, balanced, and values-driven educators. By infusing fundamental Indian thought, knowledge, tradition, art, skills, craftsmanship, and management into various sectors, India will undergo a philosophical revolution. According to IKS, teachers are not merely knowledge transmitters but gurus-mentors who guide students in inner awakening, ethical living, and social responsibility. The teacher is seen as a facilitator of self-realization and dharmic living, whose personal conduct and spiritual maturity greatly influence the learners. Integrating IKS into teacher education not only aligns with the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) but also re-establishes the role of teachers as nation builders and custodians of cultural and spiritual wisdom. This abstract advocates for a paradigm shift in teacher education from ignorance to enlightenment

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20630835

Effect of Teaching and Demonstration on Knowledge and Practices About Colostomy Care Among Mothers of Children with Colostomy Wound Admitted in Selected Hospital, Kolkata

Authors: Mahasweta Debnath

Abstract: A pre experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of teaching and demonstration on knowledge and practices about colostomy care among mothers of children with colostomy wound admitted in selected hospital , Kolkata . The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge and practices among mothers of children regarding colostomy care and to determine the effect of teaching and demonstration regarding colostomy care of a child by pre and post-test knowledge and practice scores. The conceptual framework was adopted for the study is based on General System Model theory of Ludwing Von Bertalanffy .The study was conducted among 34 mothers of children with colostomy wound admitted in pediatric surgery ward , selected hospitals , Kolkata . Non Probability Purposive one group pre-test and post-test research design was selected for the study. Semi Structured Interview Schedule was prepared to collect the demographic characteristics . Semi Structured interview schedule and observation checklist was used (34) = 0.505} at 0.01 level of significance. The study has implications in different field of nursing . A similar study can be conducted on a larger scale sampling in different setting for generalization .

DOI: http://doi.org/

Brand Strategy and Consumer Satisfaction in Emerging Urban Markets

Authors: Ms.Janani S, Mr.Mohammed Basith, Dr.Prabhakaran.K

Abstract: In emerging urban markets, the dynamic interplay between brand strategy and consumer satisfaction plays a critical role in shaping brand perception and loyalty. As these markets experience rapid urbanization, increased disposable income, and evolving consumer behaviors, companies must adapt their marketing strategies to meet the demands of a diverse and often fragmented customer base. This article explores the significance of tailoring brand strategies to the unique characteristics of emerging urban markets, emphasizing the importance of cultural relevance, pricing flexibility, and localized customer engagement. It further examines how these factors influence consumer satisfaction, with a focus on trust, quality, and value. Through case studies and market research, the article highlights successful brand strategies that have led to higher consumer satisfaction and enhanced brand equity in these markets. By understanding the shifting dynamics of emerging urban consumer segments, businesses can develop more effective, sustainable brand strategies that resonate with local needs while fostering long-term customer loyalty.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20642441

Customer Perception and Preference Towards Flipkart Online Shopping Services

Authors: Mr.Sanjay.V.A, Mr.Nithish Kumar, Mrs.Chithra.B

Abstract: The rapid expansion of e-commerce in India has significantly influenced consumer buying behavior, transforming traditional retail practices into digital-first experiences. Flipkart, one of India’s leading online shopping platforms, has played a crucial role in shaping customer expectations regarding price, convenience, delivery speed, and service quality. This study aims to analyze customer perception and preference towards Flipkart’s online shopping services. The research examines various factors including product quality, pricing strategies, delivery performance, payment security, customer service efficiency, return policies, and overall satisfaction. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire distributed among 100 Flipkart users using convenience sampling. Secondary data was gathered from books, journals, research articles, and credible websites. The findings indicate that most customers prefer Flipkart due to competitive pricing, wide product assortment, reliable delivery services, secure payment systems, and attractive promotional offers. However, certain issues such as delayed refunds, product return complications, and slow customer service response remain areas of concern. The study concludes that while Flipkart maintains a strong positive image among customers, continuous improvements in service quality and customer relationship management are essential to sustain long-term customer loyalty in the highly competitive Indian e-commerce market.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20642663

Ecommerce And Its Influence On Cross-Border Trade

Authors: Ms.Selcia A, Ms Priya P, Dr.Prabhakaran.K

Abstract: E-commerce has emerged as a transformative force in the global economy, significantly reshaping traditional models of international trade. By enabling digital transactions across national boundaries, e-commerce has reduced geographical barriers, lowered transaction costs, and expanded market access for businesses of all sizes. Cross-border trade, which once depended heavily on physical presence, intermediaries, and complex documentation, is now increasingly facilitated through online platforms, digital payment systems, and advanced logistics networks. This study examines the influence of e-commerce on cross-border trade, focusing on its role in enhancing market connectivity, promoting small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and accelerating global trade integration. While e-commerce offers numerous opportunities such as faster market entry, improved consumer reach, and operational efficiency, it also presents challenges related to regulatory compliance, taxation, cybersecurity, and logistics management. The paper analyses the evolving relationship between e-commerce and international trade by reviewing existing literature and conceptual frameworks. It highlights how digital trade platforms are redefining global commerce while emphasising the need for supportive policies and infrastructure. The study concludes that e-commerce has become a critical driver of cross-border trade growth and will continue to influence global trade patterns in the digital era. platforms has simplified these processes by offering integrated solutions for marketing, payments, and logistics. As a result, firms—especially SMEs—can now participate in international markets with relatively lower investment and risk. The influence of e-commerce on cross-border trade is particularly significant in developing economies, where digital platforms provide access to global markets that were previously unreachable.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20642974

Isolation, Nature, And Female Consciousness: An Ecofeminist Study Of Fire On The Mountain By Anita Desai

Authors: Preeti

Abstract: Ecofeminism examines the interconnected oppression of women and nature within patriarchal societies. It argues that the same ideological structures that authorize the domination of women also justify the exploitation of the natural environment. Anita Desai’s Fire on the Mountain (1977) provides a compelling narrative through which these concerns can be explored. Set in the secluded hill station of Kasauli, the novel revolves around three female characters—Nanda Kaul, Raka, and Ila Das—whose lives reveal different forms of marginalization, resistance, and self-discovery. Through its rich depiction of landscape and its profound exploration of female subjectivity, the novel establishes a symbolic relationship between women and nature. This paper examines Fire on the Mountain from an ecofeminist perspective, focusing on the themes of isolation, nature, and female consciousness. It argues that Desai portrays nature as both a refuge from patriarchal oppression and a medium through which women negotiate identity and autonomy. By analyzing the experiences of the female protagonists and their interaction with the natural world, the study highlights the novel’s critique of patriarchal power structures and its contribution to ecofeminist discourse.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20656700

A Study On Cybersecurity Measures and Threat Prevention Strategies in Cryptocurrency Ecosystems

Authors: Ms.Abinaya J, Mr, Don George. E

Abstract: The rapid proliferation of blockchain technology has fundamentally transformed global finance through the introduction of decentralized digital assets. However, the intrinsic characteristics that define cryptocurrencies namely decentralization, pseudonymity, and transactional irreversibility have simultaneously rendered the ecosystem a primary target for sophisticated cyber-attacks. This study investigates the critical dichotomy between the “code is law” philosophy and the imperative need for robust cybersecurity frameworks within a rapidly expanding market capitalization. This paper provides a multi-layered architectural analysis of vulnerabilities across the network, infrastructure, and application layers of the cryptocurrency ecosystem. Specifically, it examines systemic threats such as 51% attacks, smart contract exploits (including reentrancy and logic bugs), decentralized finance (DeFi) rug pulls, and sophisticated social engineering schemes. To address these vulnerabilities, the study evaluates the efficacy of current defense-in-depth mechanisms, including air-gapped cold storage solutions, multi-signature protocols, third-party smart contract auditing, and privacy-enhancing Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs). Furthermore, the research explores the integration of regulatory frameworks (AML/KYC standards) and proactive technological defenses like real-time on-chain analytics. Ultimately, this study proposes an enhanced, holistic threat prevention strategy designed to mitigate systemic risks, eliminate single points of failure, and safeguard the future integrity of digital asset platforms.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20664556

A Study On Hybrid Work Strategies And Their Impact On Employee Well-Being And Performance

Authors: Dr. Gayathri.K, Dr K Nithya

Abstract: In light of the sudden shift towards hybrid working models since the pandemic, organizational designs have been radically transformed, but research regarding their double-edged effect on employees’ well-being and performance is not well established yet. In this study, we aim to explore the effects of hybrid working strategies such as flexible scheduling, balanced remote and office attendance, and utilization of digital collaboration tools on various factors like job satisfaction, burnout rates, and task performance. Our research, employing a combined methodology involving a survey consisting of 320 knowledge workers from the fields of information technology, finance, and the creative industries, and also 12 semi-structured interviews with HR managers, suggests that a structured hybrid working arrangement, which includes going to the office twice to three times a week, positively affects well-being (p < 0.01) and self-perceived performance (β = 0.42).

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20666301

How Can Increase Your Research Paper Citations

Authors: Dr. Praveen B. Hulloli

Abstract: Increasing citations strengthens our research’s academic relevance, verifies our findings, and directly influences career advancement and funding prospects. More citations demonstrate that our friends are actively expanding on our work. One of the most important objectives of a scholars, researchers and scientists is to increase the impact of his research but the impact of good research is not always increased by high citation rates. This paper examines research strategies that have proven effective in increasing citations to a research output by making it more discoverable and accessible. We explore the efficacy of open access publishing, the strategic use of keywords and the importance of academic social networking as a means of attracting readers. In addition, we talk about the significance of choosing high impact journals and how clear and memorable journal titles help to increase citations. Citations serve as the currency of modern academia, metricizing a scholar’s reach, credibility, and overall scientific contribution. While research quality remains the foundational determinant of academic impact, structural and promotional strategies heavily influence citation velocity. This paper investigates evidence-based methodologies to increase citation frequency. These are all practical optimizations that can help researchers become more visible and gain broader scholarly attention, and ultimately help researchers have a greater impact over time, if you want to increase your citations publish open access, sharing on social media, optimizing keywords, and networking with peers to boost research visibility.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20732431

Perceptions Of Filipino Receiving Teachers On The Adequacy Of Professional Preparation For Diverse Learners

Authors: Mary Ann Luceros, Joan Mae Raguini, Jesus Paguigan

Abstract: This study examined the perceptions of Receiving Teachers regarding the adequacy of their professional preparation for handling diverse learners in inclusive classrooms. Specifically, it assessed seven domains: adequacy of SPED coursework, training in differentiated instruction, assessment literacy, classroom and behavior management, cultural and linguistic responsiveness, practicum exposure and mentorship, and self-assessment of professional competence. Using a descriptive-quantitative design, data were gathered through a Likert-scale survey administered to Receiving Teachers at San Antonio National High School, Zambales. Results showed that Receiving Teachers generally perceived their professional preparation as adequate across all domains, with mean scores ranging from 3.84 to 4.04, all interpreted as “Agree.” Self-assessment of professional competence obtained the highest mean (M = 4.04), indicating that teachers were confident in their ability to support diverse learners in inclusive settings. Training in differentiated instruction and cultural and linguistic responsiveness both received high ratings (M = 3.96), suggesting that teachers felt prepared to address learners’ varied needs and backgrounds. In contrast, adequacy of SPED coursework and practicum exposure and mentorship obtained the lowest means (M = 3.84), highlighting areas that may benefit from further enhancement. The grand overall mean of 3.92 reflects a generally positive perception of professional preparation. Furthermore, years of teaching experience were not significantly related to perceived adequacy of preparation. The findings may serve as a basis for improving teacher education and professional development programs that support inclusive education.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20707891

A Critical Study Of Government Schools In Madhya Pradesh: Availability Of Schools, Teachers, And Basic Educational Facilities

Authors: Mr. Krishn Govind Mahloniya, Ms. Shourya Gupta

Abstract: This research paper presents an analysis of the state of education in government schools in the state of Madhya Pradesh. It primarily focuses on analyzing data related to teacher availability, infrastructural status, changes in the number of schools, and the establishment of new schools in government schools (Primary, Middle, and Higher Secondary) in Madhya Pradesh from 2014 to 2024. The paper then concludes by offering potential solutions. As the economy of Madhya Pradesh is predominantly agricultural, the majority of its population largely relies on government schools for education. Therefore, the objective of this study is to present the positive or negative changes occurring in government schools in Madhya Pradesh. This is intended to draw attention to these changes, whether positive or negative, and pave the way for greater reforms in the education sector. The research paper utilizes data spanning approximately from 2014 to 2024. It provides an impartial analysis of various questions/issues using data, including changes in the number of schools (closures, mergers, opening of new schools), availability and recruitment of teachers, impact on the quality and access of education, teacher-student ratio, infrastructural status, and other major problems of government schools. The ultimate goal is to present a comprehensive picture of the state of education in government schools in Madhya Pradesh.

Assessment Literacy And Professional Development Needs Among Egyptian EFL Teachers: A Six-Domain Survey Study Including Smart Assessment And AI-Based Evaluation

Authors: Andrew Ghaly

Abstract: Classroom-based assessment occupies a large share of an English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) teacher’s working week, yet many teachers receive little structured preparation for it. This study surveyed 140 in-service EFL teachers, all graduates of English department teaching divisions in Egyptian public university faculties of education, using a 16-item questionnaire covering six domains of assessment literacy: understanding assessment purposes and principles, validity, reliability, and fairness, test and task design, scoring, rubrics, and standard setting, data interpretation and use of results, and professional and ethical practices. Each item was rated on a five-point scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The questionnaire also probed participants’ familiarity with emerging concepts such as smart assessment and AI-based evaluation, and their perceptions of whether their pre-service methodology courses had adequately prepared them in these areas. Overall self-reported assessment literacy was moderate (M = 3.03, SD = 1.31), with the highest mean ratings in understanding assessment purposes and principles (M = 3.30) and the lowest in data interpretation and use of results (M = 2.57). A large majority of participants reported that their faculties had not embedded sufficient assessment literacy training in the pre-service curriculum, and nearly all indicated that their methodology coursework had contained no instruction on using AI tools for test design or data analysis. Familiarity with smart assessment concepts was similarly low. Teachers who had completed formal assessment training scored markedly higher on every domain (all p < .001, with mean differences of roughly two scale points), and years of teaching experience was positively correlated with assessment literacy (r = .31 to .38, all p < .001). Teaching level — primary, secondary, adult education, or university — showed no significant relationship with any domain. The findings suggest that Egyptian faculties of education need to substantially revise pre-service assessment curricula to address both foundational assessment literacy and the growing demands of technology-enhanced and AI-assisted assessment.

Resurrection, Embodiment, and Mythic Revision in D. H. Lawrence’s the Man Who Died

Authors: Dr. Chander Mohan Sharma

Abstract: This article offers a sustained close reading of D. H. Lawrence’s The Man Who Died (1929) as an act of radical mythic revision that challenges the theological and philosophical foundations of Western Christian civilization. Focusing on Lawrence’s transformation of the resurrection narrative—from a doctrine of spiritual transcendence into a phenomenology of embodied awakening, erotic consciousness, and existential self-renewal—the study argues that the text constitutes one of modernism’s most searching critiques of the mind-body dualism inherited from Pauline Christianity and reinforced by Cartesian rationalism. Drawing upon myth criticism (Frye, Eliade, Campbell), phenomenological philosophy (Merleau-Ponty), and Nietzschean cultural critique, this paper demonstrates how Lawrence superimposes the Egyptian Isis-Osiris fertility myth upon the Christian resurrection narrative to articulate an alternative ‘theology of immanence’ grounded in the sacred dimensions of the body, sexuality, and natural process. The analysis further attends to the narrative’s ideological tensions—particularly its instrumentalization of the priestess of Isis—and situates these within the broader contradictions of Lawrence’s mythic project. The paper concludes that The Man Who Died remains a theoretically provocative text whose engagement with embodiment, sacred experience, and the limits of Western rationalism anticipates significant strands of late-twentieth-century thought.

Research paper on study of phytotoxic metabolites of Alternaria alternata for the management of pathenium hysterophorus L

Authors: Prachi Bhojak

Abstract: Parthenium hysterophorus is one of the most harmful invasive weeds affecting agricultural biodiversity, human health, and livestock productivity. Chemical herbicides are commonly used for its management, but their continuous use causes environmental pollution and herbicide resistance. Biological control using phytopathogenic fungi has emerged as an eco-friendly alternative. Alternaria alternata produces several phytotoxic metabolites that possess herbicidal properties against weeds. The present study focuses on the isolation, extraction, and evaluation of phytotoxic metabolites produced by Alternaria alternata for the management of Parthenium hysterophorus. Various bioassays, such as seed germination inhibition, detached leaf bioassay, and whole-plant studies, demonstrated significant phytotoxic effects of the fungal metabolites. The study suggests that these fungal metabolites may serve as potential bioherbicides for sustainable weed management.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20791824

Diplomatic Engagement As A Panacea For Global Security Concerns

Authors: Dr. Nagaraju M.S

Abstract: Diplomacy and foreign relations are the instrumental components of international affairs through which nations act, interact, negotiate, cooperate, and collaborate. In a globalized setting driven by interdependence, clash and conflict of interests diplomacy helps to wade through dialogue and consensus-building. Together, they shape nations’ political, economic, and cultural exchanges. Diplomacy is the art and practice of managing international relations whereas foreign relations is a broader set of interactions that a state engages to safeguard its national interests. It involves a complex web of formal and informal mechanisms, including bilateral and multilateral agreements, treaties, embassies, consulates, and international organizations. This field examines the strategies, institutions, and historical contexts that influence the behavior of nations in managing conflicts, building alliances, and promoting their national interests. Diplomacy and foreign relations are not limited to relations between nations but acquire and retain supremacy on the global stage. In the last two decades, the impact of technological advancements, and the growing significance of soft power in shaping international dynamics. Pressing issues such as climate change, terrorism, human rights, and global health have made nations look for a collaborative approach to find common solutions. Strategic engagement between nations has become imminent to foster cooperation, prevent conflicts, and sustain peace. This study sheds light on the multi-dimensional nature of diplomacy and foreign relations in attending to contemporary global concerns such as security, climate change, trade, and human rights.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20796075

Smart Manufacturing System Using Digital Twin Technology for Real-Time Production Monitoring

Authors: Assistant Professor A.Balamurugan, Naveen N

Abstract: In order to achieve zero downtime in Industry 4.0, real-time visibility is a must to ensure timely action. In this paper, we propose a smart manufacturing system (SMS-DT) which makes use of digital twin (DT) technology to offer real-time production tracking and anomaly detection. Our proposed approach combines an IoT-based sensing layer that collects temperatures, vibrations, and cycle times of CNC machines, a high-fidelity digital twin that utilizes BiLSTM with attention mechanism to predict states and remaining useful lives (RUL) of the machines, and a real-time anomaly detection model that employs graph neural network (GNN) to model interdependence between machines. Deployed in a 15-CNC-machine testbed for 6 months, SMS-DT is able to achieve 94.7% detection accuracy, 12.8% unplanned downtime reduction, and 18.3% OEE enhancement. Compared with SCADA-only and conventional predictive maintenance systems, SMS-DT outperforms in terms of detection latency and false positive rate.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20812389

Predictive Analytics in Corporate Financial Risk Assessment and Management

Authors: Assistant Professor Dr.P.R.Venugopal, Assistant Professor Dr.Sreemathi Raghunandan, Assistant Professor Mrs.C. Sreedevi

Abstract: Corporate financial difficulties and defaults are costly occurrences that affect the firm, its investors, and the economy as a whole. In this paper, we design the Hybrid Predictive Analytics Framework (HPAF) to predict corporate financial risks by leveraging three different machine learning techniques, specifically, XGBoost with SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) for credit scoring, Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) with attention to model time sequence in quarterly financial statements, and Bayesian structural time series for macroeconomic sensitivities. Applying the HPAF to our benchmarking sample of 5,820 US public firms (from 2015 to 2025) which includes 412 firm-year default cases, HPAF scores higher AUC (0.932), lower Type I errors (12.4%), and lower Type II errors (9.7%) than Altman Z-score (AUC = 0.781), Merton structure models (AUC = 0.802), and even XGBoost alone (AUC = 0.871). On average, we can give warnings six quarters in advance before default occurs.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20813492

ESG Metrics, Investor Sentiment, and Firm Valuation: An Empirical Financial Analytics Study

Authors: Associate Professor Dr.P.Parameswari, Professor Dr.Renu Rathi

Abstract: The link between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) metrics and corporate valuation is still disputed, with inconsistent findings being reported in past studies as a result of endogeneity issues in the estimation. The current paper conducts an empirical investigation on how ESG performance impacts corporate valuation (Tobin’s Q) through the mediating role of investor sentiment using a panel data set of 2,845 firms listed in the United States between 2015–2025 (23,160 observations). Using fixed-effect regression models, instrumental variables (IVs) approach, and causal mediation technique, we found that the effect of a one-standard deviation rise in ESG composite score on Tobin’s Q is 6.8%, but completely mediated via investor sentiment (average causal mediation effect of 82%). Interestingly, the Environmental aspect has the strongest association (β = 0.094, p<0.001), while the Social and Governance aspects have entirely indirect links. This impact is stronger when the investors’ attention increases (2020-2021) and in more sensitive industries.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21193130

AI Governance Maturity And Digital Resilience: A Multi-Level Model Of Trustworthy AI Implementation

Authors: Navya Sri Maddukuri, Hari Nagakoteswar Tripurari

Abstract: As artificial intelligence systems become embedded in core business processes, organizations increasingly require governance mechanisms that translate high-level ethical principles into operational capabilities capable of preventing, detecting, and recovering from AI-related failures. This study develops and validates an AI Governance Maturity Index (AGMI) spanning six dimensions — policy formalization, risk monitoring, model documentation, human oversight, incident response, and continuous auditing — and examines its relationship to organizational digital resilience. Drawing on survey data, archival AI incident records, and six in-depth case studies from 341 firms deploying high-impact AI systems across six industry sectors, the study tests whether governance maturity reduces AI failure frequency and severity and improves post-incident recovery. Regression results indicate that AGMI is significantly associated with lower incident frequency (β = –0.58, p < .001), lower incident severity (β = –0.49, p < .001), shorter mean time to recovery (β = –8.92 hours, p < .001), and higher Digital Resilience Index scores (β = 0.11, p < .001), with continuous auditing and human oversight intensity emerging as the dimensions most strongly associated with resilience outcomes and exhibiting significant complementary interaction effects. A five-tier maturity comparison reveals a tenfold difference in mean time to recovery between Tier 1 (Ad Hoc) and Tier 5 (Adaptive) firms (78.4 versus 9.8 hours). A twelve-month governance investment pilot across 48 firms demonstrates that combined investment in continuous auditing, cross-functional incident response, standardized documentation, tiered oversight, and automated risk telemetry produces a 1.54-point AGMI gain and a 3.67-incident annual reduction, substantially exceeding the effect of any single investment. Six case studies of firms experiencing significant AI incidents illustrate the governance-resilience feedback loop through which incident response activates targeted maturity advancement. The paper contributes a multi-level (macro-meso-micro-outcome) model linking responsible AI practices to digital resilience, a validated maturity instrument, and a practical roadmap for firms seeking to scale AI deployment while maintaining trust, regulatory compliance, and organizational accountability.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20837668

Algorithmic Hiring Under Regulatory Pressure: Fairness, Explainability, And Employer Risk In AI Talent Systems

Authors: Hari Nagakoteswar Tripurari

Abstract: AI-based hiring systems promise substantial efficiency gains in candidate screening and selection, yet their rapid diffusion has occurred alongside mounting regulatory scrutiny regarding algorithmic bias, decision transparency, and employer legal accountability. This paper examines how organizations redesign algorithmic screening systems in response to emerging AI governance frameworks and labor-market fairness expectations, including the EU AI Act, New York City Local Law 144, and evolving U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission guidance. Employing a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design across 164 organizational hiring units spanning multiple jurisdictions and five years (2021–2026), the study evaluates changes in applicant diversity, hire quality, employee turnover, candidate trust, and legal risk exposure associated with algorithmic redesign. The study further compares five hiring system architectures — opaque black-box AI, explainable AI (XAI) with limited oversight, human-in-the-loop (HITL) review of opaque models, integrated XAI-HITL systems, and fully manual baselines — across all outcome dimensions. Regression results indicate that explainability and human oversight intensity each independently and interactively predict improved applicant diversity (β = 0.21 and 0.16, respectively, both p < .001), reduced legal risk exposure (β = –1.38 and –1.62, both p < .001), and enhanced institutional legitimacy, with integrated XAI-HITL architectures achieving superior outcomes across all five performance and fairness dimensions relative to opaque systems and to fully manual baselines. Thematic analysis of 39 executive interviews identifies six organizational themes, including a recurring ‘human-in-the-loop paradox’ in which oversight mechanisms erode through automation complacency absent deliberate design safeguards. The paper develops the Algorithmic Hiring Legitimacy Framework, integrating efficiency, fairness, explainability, and institutional legitimacy as interdependent design dimensions, and contributes novel empirical evidence to HR analytics, responsible AI, and information systems governance research.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20840456

AI -Powered Clinical Decision Support Systems for Precision Pharmacotherapy in Healthcare Settings

Authors: Assistant Professor Ms.Pradnya Dnyanesh Gharpankar, Assistant Professor Ms.Nutan Sunil Kamble, Assistant Professor Ms.Prajakta Gojir Kamble

Abstract: Introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) has brought a new paradigm in personalized pharmacotherapy, making possible the choice and optimization of medication according to the individual characteristics of patients. This paper proposes a methodology for AI-enabled CDSS for improving therapeutic decisions based on machine learning, natural language processing, and deep learning technologies. Methodology: The framework for the CDSS includes three major components, including: multimodal data fusion component for combining genomic and clinical data; predictive analytics module using gradient-boosted decision trees and deep neural networks; and the explainable AI component using SHAP and LIME approaches. Results: The results obtained from simulations and real-life datasets indicate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, as it achieves 94-96% accuracy in performing drug recommendation, significantly improving the precision in predicting adverse events and optimizing dosages. Conclusion: It is concluded that AI-powered CDSS can improve patient safety and therapeutic outcomes, decreasing medication errors and advancing from population-based medicine towards personalized pharmacotherapy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20840806

Exploring Ethnomedicines Of Bodos And Its Socio-cultural Significance

Authors: Dr. Banashree Bhardwaj

Abstract: Traditional ethnomedicines refer to the medicines that are practiced by using traditional methods, and these medicines are most effective and play a key role in daily livelihood in the Bodo community. Certain medicines are not known by their particular name. And this medicine cannot be practiced without involving the social beliefs, religious beliefs, customs, social values, cultural and ecology. Basically, traditional medicines are a sustainable or renewable resource. Tribal people of northeast India do have a close relationship with the forest. The Bodo community uses natural resources for deriving long-term benefit without disturbing the ecological balances. Bodo community as they have associated with the forest, and around the forest, they have some senses about herbal medicines and beliefs for their livelihood. They also practice some preventive and curative measures for their health. This measurement and medicines are called ethnomedicines. In this study, we have focused on particularly the Kokrajhar district. In contemporary society, they have synthesized knowledge in respect of occurring and gathering knowledge of herbal medicines like neem, dubri bilai (Cynodon dectylon), khangsisa (Leucas aspera), usumwi, endi, haijeng, manimuni (Centella), khifi bendwng (Poederia fatidol), thaso gwswm (black yams), kamranga, thaigir, thaika pitai, sibru (Lasia spinoa thaw), and many other parts of species; they are animal birds, nails, fats, and bird feathers. They produce medicines by grinding it. They collect the medicines from the forest and animals for various diseases like cough, skin allergy, typhoid, stomach ache, gas, jaundice, bone fracture, normal fever, blood pressure, and drowsiness. Traditional ethnomedicines have become part and parcel of the Bodo community. But at the same time, they have also adopted some modern methods in producing traditional medicines like jaharua in Bodo, bhorom, and nalee. Bodo people also have spiritual belief systems for healing some patients or ill persons by so-called Oja.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20921197

An Empirical Study On Policyholder Perceptions And Satisfaction With Selected Health Insurance Providers

Authors: Nomula Sandeep, Dr. D. Harikanth

Abstract: The health insurance sector plays a vital role in providing financial protection against rising healthcare expenses and ensuring access to quality medical services. Understanding policyholders’ perceptions and satisfaction levels is essential for health insurance providers to improve service quality and strengthen customer relationships. The present study examines the perceptions and satisfaction levels of policyholders toward selected health insurance providers and identifies the factors influencing their overall satisfaction. A descriptive and analytical research design was adopted for the study. Primary data were collected from 112 health insurance policyholders using a structured questionnaire. Convenience sampling was employed to select the respondents. Statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, one-sample t-test, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that policyholders generally possess favorable perceptions of health insurance services and are satisfied with the services provided by the selected insurers. Customer service, policy features, and claim settlement processes were found to significantly influence policyholder satisfaction. Among these factors, claim settlement emerged as the strongest predictor of satisfaction. The study also revealed a strong positive relationship between policyholder perceptions and overall satisfaction, suggesting that positive perceptions enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty. The results emphasize the importance of efficient claim management, transparent communication, and quality customer support in improving policyholder experiences. The study provides valuable insights for health insurance companies to develop customer-centric strategies and improve service delivery in an increasingly competitive healthcare insurance market.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20893016

A Comparative Study of Inclusive Design Incorporated Across Five Countries of Globe

Authors: Ritik Gupta

Abstract: Inclusive design has emerged as a vital approach to creating environments, products, services, and public infrastructure that are accessible and usable by people of all ages, abilities, and backgrounds. This comparative study examines the implementation of inclusive design principles across five countries: The United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, Sweden, and India. The study explores national policies, legal frameworks, design standards, educational initiatives, and practical applications that promote accessibility and social inclusion. Through a comparative analysis, it identifies similarities, differences, best practices, and challenges in integrating inclusive design into urban planning, architecture, transportation, digital technologies, and public services. The findings reveal that while developed countries have established comprehensive regulatory frameworks and stronger implementation mechanisms, developing nations are making significant progress through policy reforms and awareness initiatives despite infrastructural and economic constraints. The study emphasizes the importance of collaboration among governments, designers, policymakers, educational institutions, and communities in advancing inclusive design. It concludes that adopting context-specific strategies while learning from global best practices can significantly contribute to creating equitable, sustainable, and universally accessible environments that improve the quality of life for all citizens.

Green Entrepreneurship And Socio-Economic Development: A Theoretical Perspective

Authors: Charles Joseph Odumusor, Dominic Offiong Edem, Martina Irima Obi

Abstract: The increasing environmental issues like global warming, degradation of biodiversity, and the excessive depletion of natural resources have essentially changed the nature of the operation of the economies and businesses. To address these calls, an observable change has occurred between conventional forms of growth and an inclination towards sustainable and inclusive modes of growth. In the changing environment, entrepreneurship has ceased to be considered only as a way of making profits, but rather means of solving environmental and social issues as a strategic instrument. This paper looks at how green entrepreneurship serves as an interface between environmental sustainability and economic development. Taking a theorical gain, the paper combines the most important views regarding the Resource-Based View, Institutional Theory, Stakeholder Theory, and Sustainable Development Theory to present a combined framework of how the activities of green entrepreneurship leads to socio-economic development. The discussion shows that green entrepreneurship fosters eco-innovation, helps to shift to low-carbon economies, and makes firms more competitive by reducing the consumption of non-sustainable resources. Simultaneously, it leads to more extensive social benefits such as job creation, reduction of poverty, environmental protection, and inclusion to society. The paper goes further to suggest that the effects of green entrepreneurship are not only limited to the results of the firm-level but also to the macroeconomic change especially in the developing and emerging economies where environment and socio-economic issues are closely intertwined. Green entrepreneurs, by incorporating sustainability in business strategies, help in fulfilling the global development agenda like Sustainable Development Goals. Generally, this research offers a deep theoretical background explaining the multifaceted interdependence between green entrepreneurship and socio-economic development. It can benefit researchers, policymakers, and practitioners as it evidences that sustainable entrepreneurship practices are critical in realizing the enjoyment of long-term economic resilience, environmental sustainability, and inclusive growth.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20961943

The Art of Exploration: Contextual Realism and Narrative Consciousness in D. H. Lawrence’s Short Stories

Authors: Dr Chander Mohan

Abstract: D. H. Lawrence’s reputation has traditionally been anchored in his major novels, yet his short stories represent an equally significant contribution to twentieth-century literature. This paper re-evaluates Lawrence’s achievement as a short story writer through the interconnected concepts of exploratory imagination, contextual realism, and narrative consciousness. It argues that Lawrence transformed the short story into a dynamic medium for investigating psychological complexity, social relationships, and existential uncertainty. Unlike many modernist writers who privileged aesthetic detachment or epiphanic revelation, Lawrence developed an empathetic narrative mode that immersed itself in the emotional and subconscious lives of characters. Drawing upon stories such as Odour of Chrysanthemums, The Prussian Officer, The White Stocking, The Shadow in the Rose Garden, The Rocking-Horse Winner, and The Woman Who Rode Away, this study demonstrates how Lawrence’s fiction combines social realism with symbolic depth and psychological insight. The paper further examines the influence of economic circumstances on Lawrence’s literary production and highlights the artistic independence of his short fiction from his novels. Ultimately, it contends that Lawrence’s stories constitute a distinctive form of literary exploration that extends the possibilities of modernist narrative and secures his place among the foremost practitioners of the short story form.

The Connection Between Sport And Study

Authors: Krish Jangir

Abstract: Sport and academic study are often viewed as rivals competing for a student’s limited hours in the day. Yet a growing body of psychological, neuroscientific, and educational research suggests that the relationship between the two is considerably more cooperative than competitive. This paper synthesises existing literature to examine how participation in sport and regular physical activity influences academic performance, the cognitive mechanisms that connect exercise to learning, and the life skills that sport cultivates in students. Five questions guided the investigation: the statistical relationship between sport and grades, the biological pathways linking physical activity to brain function, the role of sport in building discipline and time management, the effect of sport on stress and mental well-being, and the risks associated with excessive or elite-level training. The findings indicate that moderate, regular participation in sport is consistently associated with better grades, stronger executive function, and lower academic stress, while very high training loads can compress study time and, at the elite level, may coincide with lower academic performance. The paper concludes that sport, practised in balance with academics, is more often an ally of study than its adversary.

Beypore Port: A Historical Study of Maritime Trade, Shipbuilding, and Socio-Ecomomic Development (13th–21st Centuries)

Authors: Dr. Padmanabhan N

Abstract: Beypore Port, situated on the Malabar Coast of Kerala, has been one of the oldest maritime centres of the Indian Ocean. From the medieval period onward, it functioned as a strategic harbour linking South India with the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa, Southeast Asia, and later Europe. The port became internationally renowned for the construction of traditional wooden ocean-going vessels known as Urus, a craft that has survived for centuries despite profound technological changes in global shipping. This study examines the historical evolution of Beypore Port from the thirteenth to the twenty-first century by analyzing maritime trade networks, indigenous shipbuilding traditions, and their socio-economic impact on the surrounding region. Using historical records, archival materials, travel accounts, government reports, and secondary scholarly literature, the paper evaluates the continuity and transformation of Beypore’s maritime heritage. The study argues that Beypore’s significance extends beyond commercial exchange, representing an enduring example of technological adaptation, cultural interaction, and regional economic resilience within the Indian Ocean world.

Effect Of Integrating Information Technology (ICT) In Lesson Delivery On Students Achievement And Retention In Sociology Of Education In Imo State

Authors: Dr. Chioma Patricia Unezeh, Okechukwu, Anthony Ekeamadi, Oparah, Nnandi Solomon

Abstract: This paper examined the effect of integrating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in lesson delivery on students’ academic achievement and retention in Sociology of Education in Imo State. The study was anchored on Constructivist Theory, Technology Acceptance Model, and Connectivism Theory. ICT integration was conceptualized as the use of digital tools such as multimedia, learning management systems, and internet resources to enhance teaching effectiveness. The paper showed that ICT-based instruction improves students’ understanding of sociological concepts, enhances engagement, and promotes long-term retention through interactive and learner-centred approaches. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited teacher competence, and unequal access to technology hinder effective implementation. The paper concludes that ICT integration significantly enhances academic outcomes and recommends improved funding, teacher training, and policy support for sustainable digital education.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21068805

Humanizing Industry 5.0 Through Society 5.0: Vocational Education, Social Cohesion, And Human-Centered Development In Australia

Authors: Dr. Muhammad Imran Ashraf

Abstract: This paper examines how Society 5.0 can humanize Industry 5.0 through vocational education, social cohesion, and human-centered development in Australia. It argues that technical and vocational education should integrate interpersonal skills, civic engagement, and participatory learning alongside technical competencies to strengthen social inclusion and community resilience. Using a qualitative multi-method approach based on literature review and policy analysis, the study explores the relationship between education, employability, and inclusive socio-industrial development. The findings highlight that human-centered vocational curricula can enhance workforce adaptability, reduce social alienation, and support sustainable economic and social transformation. The study emphasizes the importance of aligning technological advancement with human well-being, inclusivity, and ethical development within Australia’s evolving Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0 transition.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21127109

Love as Performance: Romance and the Spectacle of Tragedy in John Green’s The Fault in Our Stars

Authors: Research Scholar Ms. Nancy

Abstract: Love has long been idealized as an authentic and spontaneous emotion and never existed in isolation; it is an idea continuously shaped, interpreted, and performed across generations. Embedded in myths, literature, and cultural practices, the experience of love is passed on not only as an emotion but as a narrative that people learn to inhabit. In contemporary fiction, these inherited scripts often influence how characters understand and enact their relationships.This paper investigates such performative dimensions of love in John Green’s The Fault in Our Stars, arguing that the novel portrays love not merely as authentic feeling but as a culturally constructed spectacle . It explores love, illness, and mortality through the lens of teenage protagonists, Hazel Grace Lancaster and Augustus Waters. Drawing on Judith Butler’s theory of performativity and Jean Baudrillard’s concept of hyperreality, this study analyzes how the characters consciously enact their love within the narrative’s tragic framework. Their romance becomes a self-aware performance, influenced by their awareness of terminal illness and the literary archetypes they seek to emulate. Augustus, in particular, embodies a hyper-idealized lover, crafting moments of grandeur that blur the line between genuine affection and theatricality. Furthermore, the novel engages with metafictional elements, where characters navigate their own literary fate, reinforcing the theme of love as a scripted experience. By deconstructing the novel’s romantic and tragic tropes, this paper explores how The Fault in Our Stars simultaneously critiques and reinforces the expectations of love and loss in contemporary fiction. The study ultimately argues that the novel presents love as a performative act, wherein characters and readers alike participate in the spectacle of tragedy. Through this approach, the research sheds new light on Green’s work, positioning it within broader discourses on love, literature, and cultural scripting.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21156372

Analyzing the Digital Rupee Adoption in India: A Statistical and Sentiment Analysis of Consumer Awareness and Acceptance

Authors: Research Scholar Subramanyeswara Sarma V, Research Supervisor Dr. O. P. Gupta

Abstract: The Digital Rupee (e₹), the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), represents a pivotal advancement in India's rapidly evolving digital financial ecosystem. Successful deployment of this new digital money requires customer awareness, acceptance, and a favourable impression. To comprehend customer knowledge, acceptability, and attitude about the Digital Rupee and to investigate the interrelations among these factors. A quantitative, descriptive, and analytical research approach was used, and primary data was collected from 200 respondents using a standardised questionnaire including demographic variables and statements assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive data, including frequency and percentage analyses, were used to assess respondents' awareness, acceptability, and sentiment, while Pearson's Product Moment Correlation was utilised to test the offered hypotheses. The findings indicate a modest level of knowledge of the Digital Rupee among respondents, who express favourable opinions about its implementation for everyday transactions. Furthermore, the survey indicates favourable consumer opinion towards the prospective growth and acceptance of the Digital Rupee in India. The correlation analysis indicates a robust positive relationship between consumer awareness and consumer acceptance, as well as between consumer acceptance and consumer sentiment. This suggests that an increase in awareness of the Digital Rupee correlates with heightened consumer acceptance, resulting in favourable sentiment. The report advocates for comprehensive public awareness initiatives, including financial education programmes and digital outreach, to enhance consumer trust and facilitate the acceptance of the Digital Rupee as a secure and convenient digital payment instrument in India's shift towards a cashless economy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21407865

Dams And Disasters? Evaluating The Long-Term Viability Of India’s Hydroelectric Path

Authors: Sindhuja Sharma

Abstract: India’s journey into the hydroelectric era is a delicate balance of national decarbonization goals, environmental concerns, and regional geopolitics. With India’s target of 500 GW of non-fossil fuel energy capacity by 2030, hydropower plays a pivotal role in the future. But the operation of mega-dams in areas of high geologic activity and climate sensitivity, such as the Himalayan belt, has significant second and third order effects. This paper evaluates the future of Indian hydroelectric program on a multi-faceted basis. It involves geographic potential changes, economic life cycles affected by sedimentation, transboundary hydro politics and hazards from the cryosphere such as Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs). It also examines the domestic political economy of water and the need for decentralized, micro-hydropower systems that are connected to Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). In the end, the paper calls for a paradigm shift from the conventional baseload mega-dams to Pumped Storage Hydropower (PSH) and resilient, community-owned micro-grids.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21158291

The Impact of Information and Communication Technology on the Achievement and Attitude of Secondary School Students

Authors: Divya Krishnan Maniyeri, Professor (Dr) Parshuram Dhaked

Abstract: This study investigated the impact of an Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-Integrated Instructional Programme on the academic achievement and attitudes of secondary school students in Science and Mathematics. Utilizing a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test non-equivalent control group design, a sample of 184 Grade IX students from CBSE-affiliated schools in the Marwar and western regions of India was selected. The experimental group (n = 92) participated in an eight-week intervention integrating PhET interactive simulations, GeoGebra, Kahoot!, Socrative, and Google Classroom, while the control group (n = 92) was taught through traditional chalk-and-talk instructional methods. Data were collected using a validated 100-mark Academic Achievement Test (AAT) and a 30-item Attitude toward ICT Scale (A-ICT-S). Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that, after statistically controlling for pre-test variations, the experimental group achieved significantly higher post-test scores than the control group (F(1, 181) = 32.87, p < .001, ηp² = .154). A two-way factorial ANOVA confirmed that pre-existing attitudes toward ICT significantly moderated this instructional effect (F(2, 179) = 3.46, p = .034, ηp² = .038), with the largest academic gains observed among students possessing high baseline attitudes (d = 1.38). Furthermore, paired-samples t-tests demonstrated a substantial positive shift in technology attitudes within the experimental group (t(91) = 12.21, p < .001, d = 1.27), contrasted against stagnant attitudinal patterns in the control group. A significant positive correlation emerged between post-test attitude and post-test achievement (r = .36, p < .001). These findings provide empirical validation for the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the implementation mandates of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, suggesting that structural modifications to learner attitudes are critical to maximizing the return on educational technology investments.

Dams And Disasters? Evaluating The Long-Term Viability Of India’s Hydroelectric Path

Authors: Sindhuja Sharma, Professor DD Sharma

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21158291

Global South Feminisms and Digital Storytelling: Re-imagining Empowerment in Contemporary Women’s Writing

Authors: Assistant Professor Mausumi Sen

Abstract: This paper examines how contemporary women writers from the Global South use digital storytelling as a feminist practice to rethink empowerment beyond dominant Western frameworks. Drawing on postcolonial feminism, intersectionality, and digital feminist theory, it argues that digital platforms can serve as counter-hegemonic spaces where marginalized women express agency, resistance, and collective memory. Through close readings of writers such as Meena Kandasamy and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, the paper shows that empowerment in Global South feminist writing is best understood as relational, contextual, and ongoing rather than universal or purely individual.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21188612

Finding a Place to Belong: Queer Spaces in R. Raj Rao’s The Boyfriend

Authors: Dr. Swati Rahul Gade

Abstract: One can never skip R.Raj Rao’s ‘The Boyfriend’, published in 2003 whenever one talks about Indian Queer Writing. His unusual, bold masterpiece comes from carefully showing the real city locations of Bombay and tracing the hidden sexual spaces initializing the 21st century. The study shows that the novel weaves around the real location of the city where one can encounter queer struggle; a perfect spot of relationship based on an exchange of money and sex. The use of dark humour in an unpolished writing style by Rao and ideas from other thinkers like Henri Lefebvre – “right to the city”, Michel de Certeau – “tactics” and Gayle Rubin – “traffic in women” makes the study more firm. The strong depiction of the contrasting characters Yudi, a literate upper class fellow and Milind, his young lower caste partner seek opportunities to express themselves in the city of straight people. The study highlights the use of local public places like train, toilet and Marine Drive as the undercover queer community spaces build to find or form connections. The paper also reads the use of raw, unpolished and unashamed language which is a form of political protest. Rao rejects the clean presentation of queer life to be more acceptable to society and present it in its messy form amidst the modern Indian city.

Effectiveness of Community Policing of Sri Lanka

Authors: EMGJ Seram

Abstract: Community Policing (CP) is a strategic approach that bridges the gap between police officers and the communities to address public safety concerns collaboratively. This study mainly focuses on investigating the effectiveness of community policing initiatives in Sri Lanka, while identifying their challenges and successes through comparative insights from other countries. The study employs a mixed-method approach to provide a comprehensive understanding of challenges related to CP. The findings reveal that countries such as the United Kingdom, United States of America, and India have established strong frameworks for community policing, characterized by decentralized law enforcement systems and higher levels of public trust. In the Sri Lankan context, surveys conducted in the Gampaha and Kurunegala police divisions indicate that nearly 85 percent of participants maintain a good relationship with police officers. In addition, approximately 80 percent of participants stated that they were aware of community policing, while the remaining participants stated that they were unfamiliar with the concept. The study further identifies historical distrust between the community and police, limited public awareness, resource constraints, and political interference as major factors hindering the effectiveness of CP. These findings highlight the need for improved training, institutional reforms, and stronger community engagement to enhance the effectiveness of community policing in Sri Lanka. Ultimately, this study provides important insights for policymakers, law enforcement institutions, and community stakeholders to strengthen Community Policing programmes reduce crime rates, and rebuild public trust.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21233219

Investigating the Psychological Wellness Architectures and Socio-Educational Adaptability of Pre-Service Teachers: A Comparative Analysis of Two Training Models in Gujarat

Authors: Research Scholar Uday Bhanusing, Professor (Dr.) Rachna Mishra

Abstract: This empirical study evaluates the psychological profiles and coping mechanisms of teacher trainees within the state of Gujarat, specifically examining the structural pressures generated by recent national curriculum overhauls. Utilizing a stratified random sampling methodology (N = 300), the inquiry contrasts the wellness indices and multi-factor adjustment patterns of student-teachers enrolled at the Indian Institute of Teacher Education (IITE), Gandhinagar, and Shakti B.Ed. College, Ahmedabad. Data collection was facilitated via two regionally validated psychometric instruments: the Gujarat Teacher-Trainee Mental Health Scale (GTT-MHS) and the Teacher-Trainee Multi-Factor Adjustment Scale (TT-MAS). The statistical evaluations demonstrate distinct variations in psychological wellness based on gender configurations, marital statuses, and family living arrangements. Conversely, institutional ownership styles (apex public university vs. private self-financed college) did not reveal statistically significant impacts on broad mental health baselines, though distinct variations surfaced in institutional adjustment domains. The paper discusses these outcomes against the backdrop of regional teacher selection tests (TET/TAT) and offers structural recommendations for teacher training regulators.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21216604

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Vocabulary Acquisition among EFL Learners

Authors: Rousan Ara, Professor Mohammad Shah Alam Chowdhury, Assistant Professor Mohammad Mehedi Hasan

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized education by making rapid strides in the field of language learning. English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching and learning is still present in the world and the ability to develop vocabulary is still an essential part of EFL teaching and learning. Many traditional learning processes for learning vocabulary require memorizing and learning using the teacher-centered method; the method has not been able to meet the learners’ needs. In contrast, technologies that leverage AI can bring personalized, adaptive and interactive learning opportunities that can truly enrich students’ vocabulary development. This research aims at exploring the contribution of Artificial Intelligence to vocabulary learning by English as a foreign language learner. The paper draws on literature from the present and the ongoing educational practices to discuss the roles of AI tools in the outcomes of vocabulary learning, such as intelligent tutoring systems, chatbots, mobile applications, natural language processing technologies, and adaptive learning platforms. The study also explores the pedagogical advantages and issues of the use of AI in EFL settings. Results indicate that AI-based learning improves learner engagement and retention, keeps learners motivated, allows for personalized feedback and learning path, and enhances autonomous learning. But there are issues of technological access, teacher readiness, ethical issues and data privacy that are still major concerns. Based on the context of pedagogically appropriate use and “careful” use, the researcher concludes that AI might be an important component of the vocabulary learning process of EFL learners.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21233756

Narratives of Power and Ethics: A Literary Perspective on Leadership and Organizational Behaviour

Authors: Assistant Professor Dr. Shreya Bhardwaj

Abstract: This paper aims to examine the interface between the study of English literature and management studies, specifically in the context of the extent to which literature can provide in-depth insights into leadership, power structures, ethical dilemmas, and organizational behavior, among other aspects. Literature, which is often seen as a mirror image of society, offers an in-depth portrayal of leadership, power struggles, and other aspects of human interaction, which are similar to contemporary organizational settings. In the study, the extent to which literature can provide in-depth insights into contemporary leadership, power structures, ethical dilemmas, and organizational behavior, among other aspects, will be highlighted through the examination of selected literary works, thereby bridging the gap between literature and management studies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21234279

Challenges Associated with Utilising Language as an Economic Resource in Nigeria

Authors: Bartholomew Nnaemedo

Abstract: Sustainable economic development requires proper integration of diverse national resources, material and linguistic. Therefore, this paper examined the philosophical challenges of using language as an economic asset in Nigeria. Drawing on linguistic capital theory, it argues that language constitutes an economic asset for Nigeria, though not without circumventable challenges. As a qualitative research, it conceptually analysed dominant concepts related to the topic using previous studies and the authors’ intuition. The findings showed that, though language constitutes an economic asset to Nigeria, it also raises philosophical issues, such as whether its use undermines language’s intrinsic value, leads to epistemic injustice, and denies linguistic rights. It also raises questions about language ownership. Therefore, this study concluded that Nigeria’s multilingualism remains a valuable asset worthy of investment, notwithstanding some challenges. Besides, it recommends that governmental policies be enacted to ensure the optimal utilisation of all Nigerian languages, while simultaneously integrating them with the predominant global language, considering the current emphasis on globalisation and scientific advancement.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21259312

Behavioural & Psychological Needs of Juveniles in Correctional Spaces: A Therapeutic Architectural Approach Towards Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration

Authors: Mrunmai K. Pathare, Under the Guidance of, Prof. Jayant Ingole, Prof. Saiyam Chaturvedi

Abstract: Juvenile correctional facilities should promote protection, rehabilitation, education, emotional wellbeing, and social reintegration rather than functioning as prison-like institutions focused solely on security and confinement. Many existing facilities lack therapeutic spaces, recreational areas, vocational training, natural light, ventilation, and quality environments, negatively affecting juveniles’ behavioural and psychological development. This research examines how therapeutic architecture can support emotional healing, behavioural change, skill development, and successful rehabilitation through human-centred design. The study evaluates key architectural elements, including spatial planning, counselling spaces, educational facilities, landscaping, recreation, and vocational training, and their impact on juvenile wellbeing. Using a qualitative and analytical approach, including literature review and comparative case studies of the Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Udyog Kendra (Yerawada, Pune) and the Nepal Juvenile Observation Home, the research identifies the limitations of conventional correctional environments. The findings demonstrate that therapeutic, child-sensitive, and rehabilitation-oriented design enhances emotional wellbeing, reduces stress, improves social interaction, encourages positive behaviour, and supports successful reintegration into society. The study concludes that architecture is a powerful rehabilitative tool capable of creating safe, humane, and healing environments for children in conflict with the law.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21260825

Case Study Research Paper Between Reflection And Consciousness: Reimagining The Self Through TimeBased Portraiture

Authors: Meghana G, Dr Vishweshwari Tiwari Faculty

Abstract: This paper investigates how contemporary artists employ self-portraiture as a practice-based method to explore identity, consciousness, memory, and psychological transformation. Moving beyond traditional portraiture, the selected case studies demonstrate how time-based artistic practices—including photography, performance, video, and mixed media—redefine portraiture as an evolving process rather than a static representation. Through the critical examination of the works of Frida Kahlo, Cindy Sherman, Marina Abramović, Amrita Sher-Gil, and Anju Dodiya, the paper explores how artistic practice functions as a mode of self-inquiry and knowledge production. Employing qualitative visual analysis and practice-based research methodology, the study demonstrates that self-portraiture is a dynamic process shaped by reflection, memory, and lived experience. The findings contribute to contemporary scholarship on portraiture by positioning artistic practice as a means of investigating consciousness and identity.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21279754