Volume 4 Issue 2 Mar-Apr 2026 - International Journal for Research Trends in Social Science & Humanities

QUANTUM COMPUTING AND AI IN HEALTHCARE: ACCELERATING COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL SIMULATION, GENOMIC DATA PROCESSING

Authors: Rimshath. N, Nivedha.G, Dr. Sheeja

Abstract: The convergence of quantum computing and artificial intelligence (AI) presents a paradigm shift in healthcare, revolutionizing complex biological simulations, genomic data processing, and drug discovery innovations. Traditional computational methods, despite their advancements, often struggle with the sheer scale and complexity of biological data, limiting the speed and accuracy of medical breakthroughs. Quantum computing, with its ability to process vast datasets exponentially faster than classical computers, coupled with AI’s predictive capabilities, offers a transformative solution for accelerating biomedical research and clinical applications. This paper explores quantum machine learning’s role in optimizing AI-driven molecular dynamics simulations for drug discovery. By leveraging quantum-enhanced algorithms, researchers can rapidly model molecular interactions, analyze drug- receptor binding affinities, and predict pharmacokinetics with unprecedented precision. Additionally, we examine quantum-assisted deep learning models for deciphering intricate biological mechanisms such as protein folding, epigenetic modifications, and metabolic pathway interactions, enabling more accurate predictions of disease progression and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, the integration of AI-quantum hybrid models in clinical diagnostics and imaging analytics is redefining personalized medicine. Quantum-enhanced deep learning facilitates high-resolution medical imaging, real-time anomaly detection, and optimized radiomic feature extraction, leading to early and more accurate disease diagnosis. In genomics, quantum computing significantly accelerates whole-genome sequencing and mutation analysis, paving the way for tailored treatment strategies based on an individual’s genetic profile. Despite its promise, challenges such as quantum hardware limitations, data coherence issues, and ethical considerations must be addressed to ensure the practical implementation of quantum-AI healthcare solutions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18978010

The Role of Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis in Attaining Sustainable Sla (Second Language Acquisition) Leading to Socioeconomic Development in The Tertiary Students in Bangladesh

Authors: Kishan Saha

Abstract: Second language acquisition is a primary target for tertiary students in Bangladesh. The tertiary students in Bangladesh belonging to the Department of English and ELT aim to achieve English as a second language. Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis of the Monitor model plays an important role in second language acquisition. The hypothesis focuses on the emotional and mental attributes of the students concerned by using certain filters. These filters can either advocate for SLA or obstruct it. The author used a mixed methodology in the study. The author visited 16 universities in Bangladesh to collect the primary data from 160 participants belonging to the Department of English. The secondary data has been collected from relevant existing studies. Questionnaires were provided for the collection of data from the participants. The participants were divided into focus groups for the discussion on the open-ended questions. It exposes the teaching methodology, pedagogical standards, and the curriculum too. The contents in the graduate and postgraduate studies are based on various branches of applied linguistics and genres of English literature as a part of the curriculum and OBE. The filters based on emotional and mental mindset get activated during the study of these texts, and the acquisition of language takes place accordingly. The study has shown that positive filters facilitate second language acquisition, whereas negative filters discourage second language acquisition, as these discourage understanding the comprehensible input. The study has shown that most of the students claimed that the positive filters trigger second language acquisition in the EFL classrooms by using the LAD effectively. The educators can use the filters to create favorable conditions that ensure sustainable second language acquisition, which in turn promotes the socio-economic development of students by enhancing their employability in diverse professional cultures.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18996882

Exploring Teachers’ Voices In Pedagogical Leadership: Insights, Challenges, And Advocacy In Zimbabwe’s Early Childhood Development

Authors: Nyuma B. Musakanyi, Motshediso, R. Modise, Murunwa Dagada

Abstract: This study aimed to examine the perspectives of teachers in pedagogical leadership in Zimbabwe’s Early Childhood Development, a programme that caters to children aged three to five years. This is essential for children’s overall development. Teachers’ perspectives are essential to ensuring high-quality education. This study was guided by transformational leadership. The authors reviewed 59 relevant academic publications, policy documents, and reports on children, pedagogies, and leadership. Findings revealed that teachers advocated for quality education and policy reforms. Additionally, they provided supportive learning environments and advocated for partnerships with communities. Although teachers were found to be influential toward quality education, they faced challenges, including insufficient resource materials, limited funding, and inadequate training. Therefore, listening to the voices of teachers could lead to accessing staff development opportunities, engaging in policy-making efforts, and getting resources to improve learner outcomes. Although this study focused on Zimbabwe, it has global implications because teachers for early childhood existed in the international world. To ensure the development of teachers’ leadership skills, continuous teacher training, the availability of financial resources, and regular review of policies were found to be important. The study recommends the implementation of a model that strengthens pedagogical leadership through continuous professional development, partnerships with stakeholders, provision of adequate resources, and teacher involvement in policy reviews.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19019403

Gamification, HR Training, Employee Engagement, Learning Outcomes, Corporate Development, Intrinsic Motivation.

Authors: Miss.Samiksha Deshmukh, Dr.Janvi Rathi, Miss.Achal Sardar

Abstract: Purpose: This research explores the impact of gamification on employee learning outcomes and engagement levels within corporate HR training frameworks. Research Problem: Traditional training methods often suffer from low retention rates and lack of employee motivation, leading to suboptimal ROI on corporate development. Methodology: The study employs a quantitative research design, utilizing a survey-based approach with 200 employees across various sectors. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis to determine the correlation between gamified elements and knowledge retention. Key Findings: Results indicate a significant positive correlation (r = 0.74) between gamified training modules and employee engagement. Furthermore, participants in gamified tracks demonstrated a 28% higher knowledge retention rate compared to traditional cohorts. Conclusions: Gamification is not merely a “fun” addition but a strategic pedagogical tool that triggers intrinsic motivation. Implications: HR departments should prioritize the integration of leaderboards, badges, and narrative-driven simulations to foster a continuous learning culture.

Evangelism Marketing And Consumer Advocacy In The Digital Entertainment Industry: A Secondary Analysis Of Netflix

Authors: Ms.Prachi Shah

Abstract: The digital entertainment industry has undergone rapid transformation with the rise of online streaming platforms. In this evolving environment, consumers increasingly participate in promoting brands through discussions, recommendations, and social media engagement. This phenomenon is known as evangelism marketing, where satisfied consumers voluntarily advocate for a brand and influence others through word-of-mouth communication.The present study examines the role of evangelism marketing in encouraging consumer advocacy in the context of Netflix. The study is based on secondary data collected from academic journals, industry reports, and digital media sources. Recent industry statistics indicate that Netflix surpassed 325 million global paid subscribers by the end of 2025, making it one of the largest streaming platforms worldwide. Additionally, Netflix’s advertising-supported subscription model has expanded significantly, reaching approximately 94 million users globally, reflecting the growing demand for affordable streaming options.The findings of the study reveal that emotional engagement with content, algorithm-driven personalization, and social media discussions significantly contribute to viewer engagement and consumer advocacy. Popular series such as Squid Game, Wednesday, and Money Heist have generated global conversations, encouraging audiences to recommend the platform to others.The study concludes that evangelism marketing plays an important role in strengthening brand loyalty, increasing viewer engagement, and supporting the global growth of streaming platforms in the highly competitive digital entertainment industry.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19047905

Subjective Wellbeing In Relation To The Joy Of Learning Among Secondary Students In Kolkata

Authors: Mst. Nadia Sultana

Abstract: There is growing interest in understanding how students’ overall happiness and their enjoyment of learning are connected, especially at the secondary school level. In cities like Kolkata, students face a lot of academic pressure, which can affect both their mental health and how engaged they feel in school. The main goals of this study were to measure how secondary students in Kolkata feel about their overall wellbeing and how much joy they find in learning. The study also looked at whether there are differences between boys and girls, and explored the connection between these two aspects. A quantitative descriptive survey method was used. The researchers selected 250 secondary students from both government and private schools in Kolkata using purposive sampling. A bilingual and validated version of the Student Subjective Wellbeing Questionnaire (SSWQ), originally developed by Renshaw in 2022, was used to collect the data. The findings showed that female students scored significantly higher than male students on both joy of learning and subjective wellbeing. There was also a strong positive link between the two; students who found more joy in learning also reported feeling better about their lives overall. Gender clearly makes a difference in how students experience both joy in learning and overall wellbeing. The strong connection between the two suggests that helping students enjoy learning more could be a meaningful way to support their mental and emotional health in Kolkata’s secondary schools.

Demand And Market Structure Analysis Of Clay Industry Products In Unjha Taluka

Authors: Rajnikant C. Prajapati

Abstract: Traditional clay-based industries continue to play an important role in sustaining rural livelihoods in India, despite increasing industrialization and competition from modern materials. The present study investigates the demand patterns and market structure of clay industry products in Unjha Taluka, situated in Mehsana district of Gujarat state. The research is based on primary data collected from 60 respondents, including consumers, artisans, and local traders. The study examines key aspects such as consumer behaviour, seasonal demand variations, pricing mechanisms, distribution systems, and challenges faced by producers. The findings suggest that although clay products maintain cultural relevance and environmental advantages, their demand is gradually declining due to the growing availability of alternative materials like plastic and metal. However, demand remains strong during specific seasons and festivals. The study highlights the need for innovation, improved marketing, and institutional support to sustain the clay industry.

Green Bonds And Climate Funds: Evaluating Financial Instruments For Sustainable Development

Authors: Dr Roopesh Kumar N, Bindushree S

Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of green bonds and climate funds as financial tools that facilitate sustainable development, with a focus on their emergence, market trends, and efficiency as tools that channel funds towards addressing the issue of climate change. Through the systematic assessment of market trends, regulations, and institutional innovations from 2021 to 2026, the research aims to evaluate the structural shift of sustainable finance from basic ‘use of proceeds’-type financial tools to advanced performance-based financial tools. A Multi-Layer Sustainable Finance Evaluation Framework (MLSFEF) is developed to identify the following: instrument characteristics, issuer credibility, impact measurement infrastructure, and market ecosystem. The analysis reveals that the publication of the dedicated transition finance guidelines by ICMA towards the end of 2025 is a watershed moment that recognizes ‘transition’ as a standalone term that is able to channel funds towards hard-to-abate sectors while maintaining environmental integrity. Market data reveals the growth trajectory of Transition Funds, which have risen to 8 billion globally as of H1 2025. Bank of Korea’s assets under ESG have risen from .45 billion (2020) to .38 billion (2024). Yet, the basic problems remain the same. What is important is the issuer’s credibility rather than the instrument type. Aberdeen Investments encapsulates the conventional wisdom: “We would prefer to buy a conventional bond from a green issuer than a green bond from a brown issuer.” In the comparative analysis of the six analytical dimensions—instrument types, issuer perspectives, investor criteria, impact measurement, regulatory frameworks, and market access barriers—it is found that the efficacy of Sustainable Finance is based on the Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification ecosystem, where digital MRV technologies have the capability to reduce costs by 50-70% and allow SMEs to access climate finance markets.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19107275

Strategies For Capacity Building And Training In Indian Police Department

Authors: Bhuvaanesh Kumar, Dr. Bidhu Kanti Das, Dr. Amit Kumar Singh

Abstract: The Indian policing system is struggling to consolidate its human resources by efficient training and capacity-building programs. The paper will explore ways of improving the capacity of the police personnel in all ranks – including the local constabulary as well as the elite central agencies – based on current literature and policy trends. The discussion points out a changing agreement on the necessity of multimodal training changes that include technological competence, psychological strength, tactical abilities, and community-oriented policing. Among the reforms in question, there are the revitalization of curricula using digital resources, the promotion of soft skills and leadership like communication and cultural sensitivity, and the establishment of some continuous development programs. The findings summarize findings that properly planned and resource endowed strategic capacity-building interventions can enhance the effectiveness, accountability and the trust of the police towards the community. The Results section contains one figure and one table explaining existing gaps and suggested strategies. It has also been pointed out in the discussion that India has undertaken the process of reforms (including post-2020 digital training platforms and policies), however, a comprehensive and long-term application of capacity-building approaches is necessary. The conclusion made in the paper is that a total reform in training that is supported by organization and policy change is needed to build a community-oriented, modern and responsive police force in India.

Comparative Analysis Of Return On Investment (ROI) Of College Graduates And Street Vendors In Urban India

Authors: Sriram Harish, Deepak Veera, Aanya Mayor, Raghav Shandilya, Tony John

Abstract: This study compares the financial Return on Investment (ROI) of undergraduate college graduates and informal street vendors in urban India. Drawing on survey data from 435 graduates and 89 vendors, one sample t-tests reveal that street vendors achieve a mean ROI of 1,611%, nearly six times the 271% recorded by graduates, though with substantially higher variance. Multiple linear regression confirms that capital investment suppresses ROI while income is its primary positive driver. An independent samples t-test further identifies a significant gender gap in graduate ROI. The findings challenge prevailing assumptions about educational returns and call for policy recognition of informal entrepreneurship as a legitimate economic pathway.

Vertical Mobility Of Scheduled Castes At Tertiary Level Within A Social Structure And Beyond It

Authors: Subrata Halder, Dr. Dibyendu Bhattacharyya

Abstract: This research paper examines the vertical social mobility of Scheduled Castes (SCs) in India through participation in tertiary-level education. Using qualitative documentary analysis of primary sources—including constitutional provisions, government policy documents, UGC reports, National Sample Survey data, and census records—the study investigates how higher education functions as a mechanism for socioeconomic upliftment among historically marginalized communities. Integrating SECC quantitative evidence with qualitative documentary analysis of constitutional provisions, government policy documents, UGC reports, and sociological theory, this study investigates how higher education functions as a mechanism for socioeconomic upliftment among historically marginalized communities. Drawing on sociological theories of social stratification by Bourdieu (1986), Ambedkar (1936), and Turner (1960), the paper explores the extent to which tertiary education enables SCs to transcend caste-imposed structural limitations and achieve occupational, economic, and social advancement. Findings reveal that while affirmative action policies have increased SC enrollment in higher education, persistent structural barriers including economic deprivation, social stigma, poor academic preparation, and institutional discrimination continue to constrain genuine vertical mobility. The paper concludes that education alone is insufficient to dissolve entrenched caste hierarchies and must be accompanied by comprehensive socioeconomic reforms to enable meaningful mobility both within and beyond the existing social structure.

An Analysis Of The Impact Of The Climate Crisis On Turkey

Authors: Elif Altürk, Zeynep Rüya Parlak

Abstract: Climate change happens the volume of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere rises up because of fossil fuel usage, human activities, especially in cities, resulting in a global average temperature increase. That will cause to mount up the frequency and severity of extreme weather events and disasters, such as droughts, floods, and severe storms. The effects of global warming are being felt quite significantly in Turkey, as they are around the world. Abnormal changes in seasonal temperatures, fires, drought, and urbanization have begun to severely effect life in Turkey, accelerating rapidly since 2020. This article attempts to assess how climate change is affecting Turkey using data from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK) and the Ministry of Forestry with respect to drought, forest fires, etc. The results indicate that sustainable solutions must be urgently proposed, citizens must be informed, and strategic plans must be developed.

The Role of Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis in Attaining Sustainable Sla (Second Language Acquisition) Leading to Socioeconomic Development in The Tertiary Students in Bangladesh

Authors: Kishan Saha

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18996882

Behavioral Aspects Of Retail Investors To Accurately Understand Their Decision-Making Process

Authors: Dr Surbhi DM

Abstract: Investor decision-making has traditionally been explained through rational models rooted in classical finance theory. However, increasing empirical evidence suggests that psychological biases significantly influence retail investors’ behavior. This study investigates the behavioral aspects influencing retail investors to better understand their decision-making process. Specifically, it examines the impact of overconfidence bias, herding behavior, loss aversion, anchoring bias, and availability bias on investment decisions. A structured questionnaire was administered to 250 retail investors, and data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 26). Reliability analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. The results indicate that overconfidence and herding behavior significantly and positively affect investment decision-making, while loss aversion negatively influences risk-taking behavior. Anchoring and availability bias also demonstrate statistically significant effects on investment choices. The model explains 62% of the variance in retail investment decisions (R² = 0.62). These findings confirm that retail investors are not entirely rational and that psychological factors play a crucial role in financial decision-making. The study contributes to behavioral finance literature by offering empirical insights into cognitive and emotional biases affecting retail investors and provides implications for financial advisors, policymakers, and investment educators. Understanding these behavioral dimensions can improve investor awareness, portfolio strategies, and financial market efficiency.

Tourism Is A Good Money Spinner In Andhra Pradesh

Authors: Dr. M. Kumar Raju, Dr.Palla Anuradha

Abstract: Tourism Sector drives India’s growth with 5.22% GDP share and 13.34% jobs. Budget 2026-27 boosts eco, heritage, medical tourism and regional development. Tourism Sector is one of the fastest-growing service sectors in India. The sector contributes significantly to economic output, employment generation, and cultural promotion. Andhra Pradesh state has to attract investments to boost local economies and employment. Emphasizing proactive governance they need for speedy project approvals. The State was development of new economic regions and tourism initiatives to diversify the state's investment portfolio. During the 59th APCRDA meeting, Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu stressed the need for enhancing tourism and investors’ engagement in Amaravati. The Country or State resolves around the functions like preservation and conservation of ancient cultural heritage and promotion of Arts and culture both tangible and intangible in the Country / State. There are seven zonal cultural Centres working mainly on folk and traditional Arts. There are also four missions namely; National Mission for Manuscripts, National Mission for Monument and antiquities, National Mission on Libraries and Gandhi Heritage sites Mission. Intangible heritage, Inclusive Development to focus on eco-tourism and regional hubs is intended to create rural livelihood opportunities and inclusive economic growth. The economic growth on tourism sector showcase of Telugu culture, heritage tourism, and eco-tourism, aligning the state’s vision of using cultural tourism is strengthen its position as a top-tier destination in India. Moreover, the focus on investor engagement and self-financed will create a strong foundation for Amaravati’s economic future development, making tourism a key economic driver for the Andhra Pradesh State.

Innovative Strategies For Enhancing English Communication Proficiency In Engineering Education

Authors: Indu Sharma

Abstract: English proficiency has evolved from a supplementary skill to a core component of technical survival for engineering students in a globalized job market. This study investigates the effectiveness of innovative, technology-enhanced, and interactive teaching strategies in improving the speaking and writing skills of 143 engineering students. Results indicate that transition from General English (GE) to English for Specific Purposes (ESP), combined with blended learning and AI-driven tools, significantly enhances ommunicative competence and professional readiness.

Sedentary Lifestyle And Its Link To Modern Diseases

Authors: Dr. Seemant Kumar Dubey, Dr. Vivekananda Dey

Abstract: The rapid advancement of technology and urbanization has significantly altered daily living patterns, leading to a marked increase in sedentary behaviour across all age groups. A sedentary lifestyle, characterized by prolonged periods of sitting and minimal physical activity, has emerged as a major public health concern in modern society. This research paper examines the relationship between sedentary behaviour and the growing prevalence of modern diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and certain forms of cancer. Drawing on epidemiological and clinical studies, the paper highlights how physical inactivity disrupts metabolic processes, reduces insulin sensitivity, impairs cardiovascular function, and contributes to chronic inflammation—key mechanisms underlying many non-communicable diseases. The findings indicate that extended screen time, desk-bound occupations, and reduced engagement in physical activity are strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Even among individuals who meet recommended exercise guidelines, excessive sedentary time independently elevates health risks. The paper further explores the psychological consequences of inactivity, such as heightened rates of anxiety, depression, and cognitive decline, which compound physical health challenges. By synthesizing current evidence, this study underscores that sedentary behaviour is not merely the absence of exercise but a distinct risk factor for disease. The research emphasizes the need for lifestyle interventions that integrate regular movement into daily routines, including workplace modifications, school-based activity programs, and public health campaigns promoting active living. Addressing sedentary habits is essential for reducing the burden of modern diseases and fostering long-term health and well-being in contemporary populations.

Multimodal Emotion Detection Using Voice And Text For Mental Well-being.

Authors: S.Kanimozhi, G.Pooja Sri, N.Suganya, R.Vishnu Priya

Abstract: Mental health monitoring has become increasingly significant due to the growing prevalence of stress, anxiety, and emotional disorders in modern society. Multimodal Emotion Detection using Voice and Text aims to enhance emotion recognition accuracy by analyzing multiple forms of human communication simultaneously. The proposed system integrates speech signals and textual data to detect emotional states such as happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and neutrality. Voice inputs are processed by extracting acoustic features including pitch, tone, speech rate, and intensity, while textual inputs are analyzed using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to identify semantic meaning and sentiment patterns. Advanced machine learning and deep learning algorithms are employed to perform multimodal feature fusion and classify emotions more effectively than single-modal approaches. The framework includes stages such as data acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, multimodal fusion, and emotion classification. By accurately identifying emotional conditions, the system supports mental well-being monitoring and helps in the early detection of stress or negative emotional states. This technology can be applied in healthcare systems, intelligent virtual assistants, counseling platforms, and educational environments to provide timely emotional insights, personalized support, and improved human–computer interaction.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19184746

Youth In The Music Industry: A Sociological Study Of Eastern Freetown

Authors: Emmurana Morray

Abstract: Economic disparities lead to an increasing monetization of young people’s relationships, driving them either into a fragile flux of multiple partners or out of intimate engagements altogether. Taking this ‘dissonance’ between sonic representations and social relations as a point of departure, in this work I explored the ways in which young Freetonians position themselves at the junction of desire and reality. I juxtaposed various life and love stories of youths with the fantasies they invest in love music. In so doing, I discussed the complex relationships between affect, exchange, deprivation and the strictures involved in attaining social adulthood. The proliferation of music in Sierra Leone is confined in youth’s involvement in it. I argued that it is within the experiential gap between the consumption of a representation and the desire to live (up to) that representation that Freetown’s youth rework their horizons of possibilities. A qualitative research tool was used to collect data, precisely an unstructured interview method, since the questions call for answers that the respondents must express their opinions. The research further highlighted the types of lyrics composed by these youth, types of listeners, educational status of artists and listeners, the challenges faced in the music industry, the transformation felt within the industry, contributions and perceptions on the new phenomenon. The general populace greatly benefits from industry. Youths use music to relieve tension and boredom, provide a creative outlet, help take control of their emotions or mood, form identity and as entertainment or distraction.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19200189

Evaluating The Adoption Dynamics And Operational Viability Of Tokenization Within India’s Financial Ecosystem

Authors: K. Himadeep, Prithviraj Hiremath, Pavan Surya Jami, Brijesh Gowda, Vedanth Rajaraman

Abstract: This study examines the implementation and adoption of tokenization within the Indian financial system amid the advancement of digital public infrastructure. Tokenization allows the digital representation of actual financial assets via distributed ledger technology, providing benefits like enhanced efficiency, greater transparency, and better settlement processes The research employs primary data collected through a structured survey to examine the impact of organizational readiness, technological capabilities, regulatory conditions, appropriateness of India-focused infrastructure, as well as talent and cost factors on the adoption of tokenization. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS software, employing descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that organizational readiness, technological capabilities, regulatory conditions, and factors related to talent and costs greatly impact adoption; however, infrastructure compatibility unique to India does not demonstrate a statistically significant direct effect. The findings suggest that regulatory support and institutional readiness are more conclusive than mere infrastructure availability. The research provides empirical evidence for the emerging understanding of financial tokenization and insights for creating a scalable and institutionally compatible financial tokenization framework in India.

Resurgence Of Buddhism As A Key Strategic Asset For Bridging India’s Influence Across The Indo-Pacific: A Systematic Review

Authors: Anupam Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Prof (Dr.) Seema Rani

Abstract: The Indo-Pacific region has emerged as the 21st century’s geopolitical fulcrum. The Indo-Pacific, encompassing South, Southeast, and East Asia, has ascended as a central geopolitical space. India’s strategic priorities in this region have traditionally focused on maritime security, economic connectivity, and multilateral cooperation. However, these traditional instruments coexist with soft power tools, including shared cultural and religious heritages. As the birthplace of Buddhism, India is uniquely positioned to leverage Buddhist resurgence as a strategic asset for deepening ties with a region where Buddhism—historically and culturally—permeates societies from Southeast Asia to East Asia and beyond. This article explores the resurgence of Buddhism as a strategic soft-power asset enhancing India’s influence in the Indo-Pacific region. Situated at the crossroads of history, culture, and geopolitics, Buddhism’s historical diffusion across Asia offers India a civilizational bridge that complements its economic and security engagements. By analysing cultural diplomacy, heritage linkages, and contemporary initiatives, the paper argues that India’s Buddhist heritage can deepen people-to-people ties, bolster normative appeal, and support broader strategic objectives in a region marked by rising competition and complex interdependencies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19221164

The Role Of Sports In Sustainable Health

Authors: Dr. Ajit Singh Charagm

Abstract: This paper examines how participation in sports contributes to sustainable health across individuals and populations. It analyses physical, mental, social, and environmental dimensions of health, highlighting mechanisms by which sport fosters long-term well-being, resilience, and equitable access to health resources. The study integrates current evidence on physical activity guidelines, habit formation, public health policy, and sustainable development, and proposes a framework for leveraging sports to achieve durable health outcomes while minimizing environmental impact.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19221321

The Role Of Digital Payments In Promoting Social Sustainability In Rural India

Authors: Arvind, Dr. Ratan Lal

Abstract: The rapid expansion of digital payment technologies in India has significantly transformed rural financial ecosystems and created new pathways for inclusive development. This study examines the role of digital payment adoption in promoting social sustainability in rural India using an exclusively secondary data–based approach. Social sustainability is conceptualized as the enhancement of financial inclusion, equitable access to welfare benefits, gender empowerment, and long-term socio-economic resilience within rural communities. Using secondary data from government reports, policy documents, and scholarly research, this paper analyzes the multidimensional impact of digital payments on rural social sustainability. Digital payment systems, including mobile banking, Aadhaar-enabled services, and UPI platforms developed by the National Payments Corporation of India, have transformed access to formal financial services. The paper explores how digital payments enhance financial inclusion, improve transparency through Direct Benefit Transfers (DBTs), strengthen economic resilience, and promote gender equality and social empowerment. By integrating rural populations into the formal financial ecosystem, digital payments reduce dependency on informal financial mechanisms and foster equitable access to resources. Furthermore, transparent digital transactions strengthen governance and reduce corruption, contributing to long-term social stability. However, the study also identifies persistent challenges such as infrastructure gaps, digital illiteracy, cybersecurity risks, and the digital gender divide. The findings suggest that while digital payments serve as a catalyst for inclusive and sustainable rural development, strategic interventions are required to ensure equitable access and maximize long-term social benefits.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19221357

Beyond GDP: Integrating Economic Growth With Sustainable Development For Social Sustainability In India

Authors: Dr. Prannath Singh Yadaw

Abstract: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has long been considered the primary indicator of economic performance and development. However, excessive reliance on GDP alone often overlooks critical dimensions of human well-being, environmental sustainability and social equity. In the contemporary era marked by climate change, inequality and resource constraints the concept of development has expanded beyond mere economic growth to include sustainability and social welfare. This research paper critically examines the concepts of GDP, GNP, NNP and Per Capita Income (PCI), evaluates their relevance and limitations and integrates them with the broader framework of sustainable development and social sustainability. Using secondary data sources, the study presents year-wise Indian GDP trends, compares traditional growth indicators with sustainability oriented measures and maps economic development goals with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The paper argues that while GDP remains an important economic indicator, it must be complemented by sustainability metrics to achieve inclusive and long-term development.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19230885

Geopolitics Of The Indian Ocean: Maritime Security, Trade Routes, And Strategic Competition

Authors: Naval Pande

Abstract: The Indian Ocean has emerged as one of the most strategically significant maritime spaces in the contemporary world because it connects major energy corridors, commercial sea-lanes, and densely populated littoral regions. This paper examines how maritime security, trade routes, and strategic competition have turned the Indian Ocean into a crucial arena of 21st century geopolitics. It argues that the region can no longer be understood merely as a transit zone for global commerce; rather, it has become a contested political space where naval expansion, port infrastructure, connectivity projects, and regional diplomacy are reshaping the balance of power. The study focuses on key chokepoints such as the Strait of Hormuz, Bab-el-Mandeb, and the Strait of Malacca, whose security directly affects international trade, energy supply, and regional stability. It further analyzes the growing involvement of India, China, the United States, and other Indo-Pacific actors in the region, paying special attention to questions of sea control, maritime influence, and strategic access. At the same time, the paper highlights the concerns of smaller littoral states, whose economic interests and security anxieties are often overshadowed by great-power competition. By linking strategic studies with economic and regional perspectives, the paper aligns with the conference objective of promoting global dialogue and interdisciplinary inquiry into contemporary challenges. It contends that a stable Indian Ocean order will depend not only on military capability, but also on cooperative security frameworks, respect for international maritime norms, and inclusive regional engagement. The paper ultimately seeks to show that the future of the Indian Ocean will be shaped as much by dialogue and diplomacy as by competition and force.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19230933

Digitalization And Its Impact On Human Life: A Study On Arunodoi-Received Women In Goalpara District Of Assam

Authors: Dr. Pinki Barman, Dr. Diganta Kr. Das

Abstract: This study examines the influence of digitalization on different aspects of human life among women beneficiaries of the Arunodoi welfare scheme in Goalpara district, Assam. Using primary data collected through structured questionnaires from 150 Arunodoi-received women, the research highlights how digitalization affects education, employment, financial inclusion, social participation, and quality of life. Descriptive statistics are applied to interpret the data. The results show that increased digital access leads to significant improvements in women’s economic empowerment, access to public services, and social connectivity.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19230975

Rebuilding Under Recurrent Destruction: Sustainability Challenges in the Urban and Architectural Regeneration of Southern Lebanon

Authors: Dr. Mohamad H. Jichi

Abstract: Post-conflict reconstruction in fragile contexts is often driven by urgency and the need to restore basic functionality, frequently resulting in fragmented and unsustainable outcomes. This study examines the challenges of urban and architectural sustainability in the reconstruction of southern Lebanese villages following the 2024–2026 conflict. It argues that current reconstruction practices remain largely reactive, focusing on physical rebuilding while neglecting the environmental, spatial, social, and economic systems that underpin long-term resilience. The research adopts a qualitative analytical approach supported by a semi-quantitative evaluation framework, namely the Integrated Post-Conflict Sustainability Assessment Matrix (IPSAM). The matrix assesses sustainability across five key dimensions: environmental, urban, architectural, social, and economic. Three case study villages—Aita al-Shaab, Kfarkela, and Maroun al-Ras—are evaluated to provide a comparative understanding of post-conflict recovery conditions. The scoring system translates qualitative observations and institutional data into measurable indicators, enabling systematic analysis of sustainability performance. The findings reveal a consistent pattern of low sustainability across all case studies, with none of the assessed dimensions reaching moderate performance levels. Environmental degradation and economic fragility emerge as the most critical weaknesses, while architectural reconstruction, although more visible, remains disconnected from climate-responsive design and local identity. Urban fragmentation and limited social participation further highlight the absence of integrated planning mechanisms. These results demonstrate that reconstruction efforts, despite their scale, have not succeeded in establishing resilient and sustainable settlement systems. In response, the study proposes a sustainable reconstruction model based on five interdependent pillars: environmental regeneration, integrated urban and territorial planning, climate-responsive architecture, social cohesion and participation, and local economic recovery. The model emphasizes a shift from rebuilding structures to regenerating systems, advocating for a coordinated, multi-scalar, and context-sensitive approach to reconstruction. The study contributes to the literature by integrating architectural and urban perspectives within a unified sustainability framework and by focusing on rural post-conflict settlements, which are often underrepresented in research. It concludes that sustainable reconstruction in southern Lebanon requires a fundamental transition from reactive rebuilding toward strategic territorial development, positioning sustainability as a core principle rather than a secondary objective.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19232570

Latest Trends In Sports Injury Prevention: Integrating Technology, Biomechanics, And Data-Driven Athlete Management

Authors: Dr. Manoj Singh Rana

Abstract: The rapid evolution of competitive sports has significantly increased performance demands on athletes, resulting in a parallel rise in both acute and overuse injuries. Contemporary sports science has shifted its focus from reactive injury treatment to proactive injury prevention through technological and scientific integration. This paper examines emerging trends in sports injury prevention, including wearable technology, artificial intelligence (AI), biomechanical assessment, individualized training programs, virtual reality (VR)-based training, and advanced recovery systems. The study highlights the role of data analytics in predicting injury risks and optimizing athlete workload. Additionally, it discusses implementation challenges, including financial constraints, data privacy concerns, and limited accessibility in rural sports settings. The findings emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary, technology-driven, and holistic athlete management approach to ensure sustainable performance and long-term player safety.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19233863

Robust And Comprehensive Protection Of Migrant Workers In India

Authors: Dr. K. Asra Shifaya

Abstract: This abstract argues that while India possesses an extensive legal framework for the protection of migrant workers, the gap between law and implementation remains substantial. Strengthening enforcement, ensuring portability of social security benefits, enhancing legal awareness, and adopting a rights-based and inclusive policy approach are essential to achieving meaningful legal protection for migrant workers and upholding constitutional values of justice, dignity, and equality. The Indian legal framework provides several constitutional, statutory, and judicial safeguards for migrant workers. Fundamental Rights under the Constitution of India particularly Articles 14, 19, 21, 23, and 24 guarantee equality before law, freedom of movement, protection of life and dignity, prohibition of forced labour, and safeguards against child labour. Additionally, Directive Principles of State Policy such as Articles 39, 41, 42, and 43 mandate the State to ensure just and humane conditions of work, social security, and a living wage. Specific legislation, notably the Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979, was enacted to regulate the employment of inter-state migrant labour and to provide for wages, accommodation, medical facilities, and displacement allowances. However, the Act has suffered from poor implementation and limited coverage.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19233922

Culture As Lived Experience: A Cultural Materialist Reading Of Nagarkar’s Seven Sixes Are Forty Three

Authors: Shilpa Sannaveerappanavar, Dr Suporna Mitra

Abstract: Kiran Nagarkar is a significant post-colonial Indian author recognised for his ability to mirror the social and cultural nuances of Indian society through diverse and innovative narratives. By applying Raymond Williams’s concepts of cultural materialism and the structure of feeling, this paper argues that Nagarkar’s debut novel, Seven Sixes are Forty Three, portrays culture not as a static set of rules, but as an active, ongoing, and "lived experience". The research examines how the material and economic conditions of post-independence India—specifically, poverty and the rigid social hierarchies of the lower-middle class—directly shape the characters' personal lives and emotional convictions. The analysis demonstrates how the novel captures a "structure of feeling" characterised by social disarray and metropolitan scarcity. Through the protagonist Kushank Purandare’s non-linear and pessimistic narrative, Nagarkar reflects the chaotic reality of modern Indian city life. Furthermore, by focusing on the lived experience of female characters, the paper reveals how entrenched "residual" patriarchal values manifest as systemic domestic violence and the denial of personal autonomy. Characters such as Pratibha, Aarothi, and Chandini represent a broader cultural reality where women are conditioned to accept male authority as their "destiny". Their lives are defined by a "syndrome of silence," where domestic abuse is often hidden behind "four walls" to protect family reputation. Ultimately, Nagarkar’s unflinching portrayal of physical and emotional hardship shatters idealised myths of the Indian family. The study concludes that for the marginalised women in the text, the "whole way of life" is defined by mandatory material powerlessness and unheard suffering, making the novel a scathing commentary on the enduring grip of patriarchal structures in contemporary India.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19234103

Ecofeminism: A Sociological Analysis Of The Inter-relationship Between Women, Nature And Power Structures

Authors: Prof.(Dr.) Mamta Sagar

Abstract: Ecofeminism offers a critical sociological framework for understanding the inter-relationship between women, nature, and power structures within patriarchal and capitalist societies. Rooted in feminist theory and environmental sociology, ecofeminism argues that the domination of women and the exploitation of nature arise from the same logic of control, hierarchy, and profit. This perspective highlights how gendered power relations intersect with economic, political, and cultural systems to marginalise both women and ecological resources, particularly in the Global South. From a sociological standpoint, ecofeminism examines how social institutions such as the family, state, market, and religion reinforce unequal power structures that legitimise environmental degradation and gender oppression. Women’s traditional roles in agriculture, water collection, or security, and caregiving place them in close interaction with nature, making them disproportionately affected by ecological crisis such as deforestation, climate change, and resource depletion. At the same time, their experiential knowledge positions them as key agents of environmental sustainability and resistance. The abstract also engages with intersectionality to show her class, caste, race, and ethnicity shape women’s ecological experiences. In the Indian context, movements like Chipko, Narmada Bachao Andolan, and tribal environmental science struggles illustrate ecofeminism in practice, where women challenge dominant development models and assert alternative, community – centred approaches to nature. Overall, ecofeminism not only critiques existing power structures but also envisions a transformative social order based on equality, care, and ecological justice. By linking gender justice with environmental sustainability, ecofeminism provides a holistic sociological lens to address contemporary social – environmental crises.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19247569

Effect Of Radon Gases On Our Society

Authors: Dr Praveen Kumar

Abstract: (World Health Organization).Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that forms from the decay of uranium present in rocks, soil, and water. It is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, making it impossible to detect without specialized instruments. Although radon is present everywhere in small amounts, it becomes dangerous when it accumulates in enclosed spaces such as homes, schools, and workplaces. In modern society, where people spend a large portion of their time indoors, radon exposure has become a significant environmental health concern. According to the World Health Organization, radon can build up in buildings and damage lung tissue when inhaled over long periods, making it a silent but serious threat to public health.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19247632

Impact Of Financial Literacy On Investment Behaviour Among Indian Youth

Authors: Akshita Jain

Abstract: Financial literacy is a very important concept in today's times. Financial literacy means that any individual should be able to take smart decisions about where to invest his money and how to invest it so that he can secure his future. Financial literacy means that individuals should have knowledge of budgeting, saving, interest rate and risk in these terms. If people are not financially literate, then they will not be able to invest their money properly nor will they be able to plan for their secure future. Financial literacy helps individuals in building a diversified portfolio. This research paper aims to analyse and measure the influence of financial attitude, financial behaviour and financial knowledge on investment decisions. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive research method. Types and data sources used are primary data that is data collected and processed by the researcher herself. The population in this research is respondents from Delhi NCR and the sampling technique used is Non-Probability Convenience Sampling Technique. Data was collected by using Structured Questionnaire from 160 individuals become sample in this research. Cochran’s formula was used to determine the sample size. The Questionnaire consists of three sections namely, Demographic information, financial literacy and Investment behaviour. Data analysis techniques used in this research are multiple regression test, F test, t test and coefficient of determination with the help of SPSS software program. The anticipated results of this research indicate the financial literacy, financial behaviour and financial attitude have collectively significant effect on investment decisions..

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19247841

Women, Work, And Weaving Identities: Gendered Labour Relations In Karnataka’s Sericulture Sector

Authors: Sowmya B, Manjula G K

Abstract: Sericulture has long been projected as a women-friendly, labour-intensive rural industry in India, with women performing nearly 60 per cent of the work across the silk value chain. In Karnataka, sericulture and silk industries provide employment to almost 1.2 million rural households, many of them headed or co-managed by women from small and marginal farming families. Drawing on feminist and gender studies perspectives, this paper examines how women’s labour in sericulture is organised, valued and governed, and how financial inclusion policies reshape their work identities. The study combines secondary data from government and policy sources with primary survey data from 120 rural women sericulture workers across selected districts of Karnataka. It analyses women’s participation in different stages of sericulture, access to financial institutions and schemes, and perceived livelihood changes. The findings reveal a paradox: while sericulture offers flexible, home-based employment and supplementary income, women’s work remains undervalued, under-remunerated and concentrated in low-paid, labour-intensive tasks. Access to Self-Help Groups (SHGs), DAY-NRLM and state-level livelihood schemes has improved savings discipline and credit access, but benefits are uneven and mediated by caste, landholding and bargaining power within households. Feminist political economy lenses show that gendered labour in sericulture simultaneously enables inclusion and reproduces structural inequalities. The paper concludes with recommendations for gender-responsive sericulture policy, improved social protection, and deeper financial democratisation to transform women from “family helpers” to recognised workers, entrepreneurs and decision-makers in the silk economy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19247939

An Investigation into the Relationship Between Civic Knowledge and Political Participation Among Young Adults

Authors: Elina Mwanza, Dr. Sumathri Sripathi

Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between civic knowledge and political participation among young adults in Zambia, with a focus on selected urban and peri-urban areas in Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces. The study was guided by four objectives: to assess the level of civic knowledge among young adults, to examine patterns of political participation, to explore the relationship between civic knowledge and participation, and to identify barriers limiting youth engagement in political processes. Anchored in a pragmatist paradigm, the research adopted a mixed-methods approach using a descriptive survey design. A sample of 150 respondents aged 18–35 years was selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS (descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression), while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings revealed that 62% of respondents possessed moderate civic knowledge, 25% had high knowledge, and 13% had low knowledge. Although most participants understood basic governmental structures and voting rights, only 28% demonstrated deeper knowledge of local government functions and policy advocacy processes. Formal political participation was relatively low, with 35% reporting voting in the last election and less than 20% attending community meetings. However, 55% reported engaging in digital political activities such as online discussions and advocacy. Correlation analysis indicated a moderate positive relationship (r = 0.62, p < 0.01) between civic knowledge and political participation, suggesting that higher levels of civic knowledge are associated with increased engagement. Key barriers identified included socio-economic constraints (38%), institutional mistrust (32%), limited experiential civic learning (20%), and information gaps (10%). The study concludes that while civic knowledge significantly influences political participation, its impact is moderated by socio-economic and structural factors. The findings highlight the need for participatory and experiential civic education reforms, youth empowerment initiatives, and policies addressing unemployment and institutional trust to enhance meaningful political engagement among young adults in Zambia.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19254156

The Impact of Civic Education in High School: How Does Civic Education in High Schools Influence Students’ Participation in Local Government

Authors: Mubanga Mwansa, Dr. Sumathri Sripathi

Abstract: Civic education is a crucial component of democratic societies, equipping young citizens with knowledge, skills, and values necessary for meaningful participation in governance. This study investigates the impact of civic education in high schools on students’ participation in local government in Lusaka, Zambia, focusing on selected secondary schools in Mandevu and Matero constituencies. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data collected through structured questionnaires from 280 Grade 11 and 12 students with qualitative insights from focus group discussions and key informant interviews involving teachers and local government officials. The findings indicate that civic education significantly enhances students’ knowledge of local government structures and fosters positive attitudes toward civic responsibilities, with approximately 76.8% of respondents demonstrating moderate to high levels of civic knowledge. However, a knowledge–participation gap is evident: 50% of students had never participated in local government activities, 34% participated occasionally, and only 16% engaged frequently. Challenges such as limited youth participation platforms, lack of experiential learning opportunities, weak school–government linkages, and insufficient encouragement from institutions hinder active civic engagement. The study concludes that while civic education effectively builds awareness and understanding of democratic processes, it is insufficient on its own to stimulate active participation. Strengthening experiential learning, creating youth-friendly civic platforms, and enhancing collaboration between schools, communities, and local government institutions are critical for bridging the gap between knowledge and action. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and civic organizations seeking to foster active and responsible citizenship among Zambian youth.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19254173

Comprehensive study on the status of girls in rural schools affecting retention and performance in Kafue District

Authors: Petronella Kamayamba, Dr. Sumathi K. Sripathi

Abstract: The major concern of this study was that, despite Kafue District being economical, having Free Primary Education and a re-entry policy, some school going age children are still locked out of school whereas dropouts continue to be pervasive. The objectives of the study were to investigate the factors affecting environment, retention and performance levels in Rural Primary Schools in Kafue District; to ascertain the age and grades of pupils with high dropout rate levels in Primary Schools in Kafue District. The study also sought to establish measures that could be taken to improve Rural Primary School factors affecting environment, retention and performance levels of pupils in primary schools of Kafue District. The research is a mixed method approach- both qualitative and quantitative for data collection. The study used semi-structured interview guide for head teachers, questionnaires for teachers, focus group discussion for pupils, parents and school dropouts. It was then presented using distribution tables, bar and clustered graphs. While qualitative data was in the form of explanation as themes emerged. The findings of the study were that environment, retention and performance levels of pupils in public primary schools were low. The problems of dropout affected girls were more than boys. The first objective found that the factors that influence environment, retention and performance levels of pupils in public primary schools in Kafue District were poverty and conducive environment among others. The second objective showed that the most affected age was 14 and 15 years. The third objective showed that most pupils dropout of school at grade 7. The fourth objective showed that education tours and sensitization to parents and pupils on the importance of education is advisable. The study recommended that the government should conduct aggressive campaigns through churches to sensitise the community on the importance of education.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19254219

Exploring Trauma And Memory In 21st Century English Fiction

Authors: Dr.D.Jones Sudha

Abstract: In this paper, a comprehensive exploration of the representation of trauma and memory in 21st-century English fiction will be discussed, particularly in terms of how contemporary English writers have developed new forms of narrative strategies to portray the fragmented, non-linear, and embodied nature of traumatic experience. Through a systematic examination of recent literary criticisms from 2021 to 2026, a research study will be conducted to analyze the development of trauma narratives from modernism and postmodernism to what has been termed "post-postmodern" or "metamodern" forms of engagement. This paper will present an integrative trauma memory narrative framework (ITMNF) which differentiates between formal strategies (fragmentation, repetition, unreliability) and thematic concerns (intergenerational transmission, embodied memory, postcolonial trauma, ecotrauma). Through such an analysis, it was found that contemporary trauma narratives have moved beyond postmodern fragmentation to a more nuanced form of balancing formal innovation with ethical commitment to witnessing. The works of authors like Zadie Smith, Colson Whitehead, Ocean Vuong, and Tsitsi Dangarembga show how narrative innovation has the dual role of representing the unrepresentable and opening up possibilities for meaning-making and healing. By examining the comparative evaluation of the selected work in four analytical dimensions—narrative form, temporal structure, embodiment representation, and cultural specificity—it has been found that trauma fiction in the 21st century has the common feature of taking risks and being responsible.

Greatness Of Bhakti Philosophy In India – Fishermen’ Worships To Lord Vishnu

Authors: R.Narasimhan, Dr R.Indira

Abstract: In Indian philosophy the bhakti movement revolutionised spiritual life by prioritising personal devotion over rigid rituals and caste hierarchies teaching God is accessible to everyone, regardless their social standing. Fishermen are no exception to those principles. Fishermen share a unique spiritual bond with Lord Vishnu, primarily through his Matsya (Fish avatar). They follow local traditions to worship Lord Vishnu. Narratives in various parts of India on fishermen’ worship to Lord Vishnu dates back to Puranas to latest practices in various parts of India and Nepal is illustrated in this article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19253511

Investigating Regional Social Variations In Pronounciation Such As Accent Or Dialect Differences: A Case Of Siavonga District

Authors: Njobvu Prospelina, Supervisor: Dr. Suma

Abstract: This Study Investigates Regional Social Variations In Pronunciation, With A Focus On Accent And Dialect Differences In Siavonga District, Zambia. Language Variation Is A Complex Phenomenon Influenced By Socio-Cultural, Geographical, And Historical Factors, With Pronunciation Being A Prominent Feature Of Regional Identities. This Research Aims To Explore How Accent And Dialectical Differences Manifest Within The Siavonga Community, Considering Both Rural And Urban Influences, Social Class Distinctions, And The Role Of Education And Media In Shaping Linguistic Practices. Using A Combination Of Sociolinguistic Interviews, Acoustic Analysis, And Participant Observation, The Study Identifies Key Features Of Pronunciation Variation, Including Vowel Shifts, Consonantal Changes, And Intonation Patterns. Additionally, The Research Highlights How These Variations Are Perceived By Different Social Groups, Such As Age, Gender, And Occupation, And Their Significance In Social Interaction And Group Identity. The Findings Contribute To A Deeper Understanding Of The Dynamic Relationship Between Language And Society In A Multilingual African Context, Providing Insights Into How Regional Linguistic Differences Function As Markers Of Social Distinction And Cultural Belonging. The Study Ultimately Aims To Foster A Greater Appreciation For Linguistic Diversity And Its Role In Shaping Regional Identities In Zambia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19250198

Pregnancy And Childbirth In Ancient India: A Study Of Medical And Cultural Practices In Maternal Healthcare

Authors: Dr. Vinay Kumar, Deepika Vaid

Abstract: The Indian tradition of medicine is one of the world’s oldest healthcare traditions. Its basic knowledge is recorded in the Ayurvedic literature. In the Vedic period, women occupied a position equal to that of men within society and therefore women’s health received equal attention. As maternity constitutes an important aspect of a woman’s life, ancient Vedic texts offer detailed guidance on pregnancy and childbirth. The area of study includes ancient India, covering Vedic and Buddhist maternal healthcare. The major texts of ancient India on medicine reveal that women’s healthcare was a significant and crucial aspect of the medical tradition. The physicians of ancient India were not only concerned with disease but also addressed the psyche, consciousness, and the moral duties of a physician. In the colonial records it has been shown that the indigenous midwifery practices were unclean but Sushruta stressed on the importance of personal hygiene of midwives. The ancient Indians considered progeny as a sacred process and it required close attention from the very beginning, therefore, the Garbha Sanskaras involved numerous customs and practices to ensure the healthy and proper development of the foetus as well as the health of the expectant mother, reflecting their significance in pregnancy. This research paper will shed light on the significance of traditional methods of maternal healthcare in the present era of modern medicine. Along with Vedic literature, Buddhism emerged as an important contributor to healthcare practices in ancient India. Within Buddhist traditions, maternal healthcare was an important domain of moral responsibility and compassionate practice. Buddhist texts, particularly those of the Mahayana tradition, provide detailed explanations of treatments for pregnancy-related issues at various stages. This research paper will examine the role of Buddhism in maternal healthcare by comparing its teachings with their medical practices

DOI: http://doi.org/

An Observational Study On the Academic Performance of Learners in Rural Primary Schools in Kafue District of Zambia

Authors: Mukoboto Carol. K, Dr. Suma

Abstract: This observational study investigated the academic performance of learners in rural primary schools in Kafue District, Zambia. The research aimed to examine the relationship between school resources, teacher quality, and learner academic performance, as well as identify the challenges faced by learners in these schools. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative research methods. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 80 learners and 30 teachers, while interviews were conducted with 30 teachers. Classroom observations were also conducted to gather more in-depth information. The findings revealed that inadequate school infrastructure, teacher shortages, and limited access to educational resources were significant challenges faced by learners in rural primary schools. The study also found that learners who received support from their teachers and had access to adequate resources performed better academically. Additionally, the study highlighted the importance of community involvement in education and the need for targeted support to learners who are struggling academically. The study recommends that policy makers prioritize investment in school infrastructure, teacher training, and educational resources to improve the quality of education in rural primary schools. The study also recommends that schools foster partnerships with parents and the community to promote learner support and involvement. Furthermore, the study suggests that the government and other stakeholders should consider implementing policies and programs that address the specific needs of rural schools, such as providing incentives for teachers to work in rural areas and improving access to educational resources and promoting community involvement in education. The study's findings and recommendations have implications for policy and practice, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach to improving education outcomes in rural areas. By addressing the challenges faced by learners in rural primary schools, stakeholders can work together to ensure that all learners have access to quality education and can reach their full potential.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19254079

Employee Welfare Measures And Quality Of Work Life: An Empirical Study Of The Manufacturing Sector In Andhra Pradesh And Telangana

Authors: Mr. Hanumanthu Vijaya Kumar, Dr. R. Raja, Dr.A.V Joga Rao

Abstract: The present study examines the relationship between employee welfare measures and the Quality of Work Life (QWL) in the manufacturing sector, with specific reference to selected organizations in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. The study is based on primary data collected from a sample of 275 employees using a structured questionnaire. It seeks to assess the extent to which various welfare measures influence employee satisfaction and their overall perception of quality of work life. The data were analysed using descriptive statistical techniques, correlation analysis, and hypothesis testing to evaluate the significance of the relationship between welfare measures and QWL. The findings of the study indicate that employee welfare measures play a crucial role in enhancing quality of work life and contribute positively to employee satisfaction. The study underscores the importance of effective welfare policies in improving employee well-being and organizational performance in the manufacturing sector.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19276084

Weaving Ways Of Knowing: A Narrative Inquiry Into How Zambian Biology Teachers And Community Elders Navigate The Integration Of Indigenous And Scientific Knowledge

Authors: Hussein Mwale

Abstract: This study explores the integration of indigenous knowledge into formal biology education in Zambia, addressing the critical gap between policy commitments and actual school practices. While Zambian communities possess rich ecological wisdom developed over generations, formal biology education has historically marginalized this heritage. This has alienated learners from their cultural identities and perpetuating colonial hierarchies that position Western science as exclusively legitimate. This narrative inquiry explored how biology teachers, community elders and secondary school learners experience and navigate the integration of indigenous and scientific knowledge systems. Employing a mixed methods framework anchored in narrative inquiry, the research prioritized qualitative depth while incorporating quantitative breadth. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 12 biology teachers and 8 community elders, focus discussions with 126 learners across seven schools and a survey of 55 biology teachers from six Zambian provinces. Narrative, thematic and descriptive statistical analyses were applied accordingly. Findings revealed that over 80% of teachers valued indigenous knowledge integration, yet only 20% practiced it regularly, constrained by lack of curriculum guidance (82%), examination pressure (78%) and insufficient resources (70%). Community elders confirmed the erosion of traditional knowledge transmission while expressing strong conditional openness to school partnerships. Learners were able to make sense of both knowledge systems thoughtfully. They felt strong and valued when their culture was welcomed, but feel left out and disengaged when looked down upon. The study concludes that meaningful integration requires systemic intervention addressing curriculum reform, assessment, professional development and authentic community partnerships, contributing practical recommendations for culturally-responsive biology education that affirms learner identity while maintaining scientific rigour.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19277440

The Impact Of Financial Literacy On The Success And Performance Of Small And Medium Enterprises: Evidence From New Soweto Market

Authors: Billy Kanchela, Arockia Anisha

Abstract: The general objective of this research was to investigate the impact of financial literacy on the performance and success of Small and Medium enterprises. The study aimed to investigate the impact of financial knowledge on the performance and success of Small and Medium enterprises at New Soweto market, to investigate the impact of financial behavior on the performance and success of Small and Medium enterprises at New Soweto market and to investigate the impact of financial attitude on the performance and success of Small and Medium enterprises at New Soweto market. Descriptive research method was employed for the research; the researcher collected primary data through questionnaires to a sample size of 98 respondents to answer research questions. This research design helped in observing the effects of financial knowledge, financial behavior and financial attitude on the performance of small and medium enterprises at Soweto market. The study involved samples drawn from SMEs at Soweto. Non Probability sampling was used to purposely and conveniently select respondents to collect data. In order to analyze the impact of financial literacy on the performance of SMEs the researcher employed descriptive and inferential statistics techniques. The findings were analyzed by employing correlation, linear regression analysis of variance, cross tabulations and frequency distribution.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19283018

Memory, Trauma, And Historical Perspectives In The Novels Of Hilary Mantel

Authors: Mukesh Kumar, Dr Beena Yadav

Abstract: Hilary Mantel is considered one of the most famous contemporary novelists. Winner of two consecutive Booker prizes, Mantel, in her novels, keeps on exploring such themes as Memory, trauma, loss, Identity Quest, and Historical Perspectives. She herself felt being a marginalized citizen of U.K., because she was born on Ireland. Her own life experiences match with her characters who always carry a past with them which keep on haunting them. Hilary Mantel tells Sally Vincent that most people refuse to remember their childhood. Though- her memoir ‘Giving up the Ghost’ does not flinch from terror, sickness, separation. But will committing her past to paper lay her ghost to rest? She herself replies. She tells Marianne Brace that she survived the devil of girlhood and had to wrestle with serious illness. She has written a memoir to banish the demons. In the present paper I have tried to connect all pervasive themes of Memory, Trauma and Historical Perspectives in the novels of Hilary Mantel with her own life.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19283871

Memsahibs On The Faithful Indian Wife The Outsider’s Perspective On The Other

Authors: Deeksha Khajuria

Abstract: Memsahibs on the Faithful Indian Wife: The Outsider’s Perspective on the Other explores how British colonial women (memsahibs) constructed and interpreted the identity of Indian wives during the colonial period. Through travel writings, memoirs, and personal narratives, memsahibs often portrayed Indian women as submissive, loyal, and confined within rigid cultural and domestic boundaries. This study critically examines these representations as products of colonial ideology, shaped by cultural bias, imperial power structures, and a sense of Western superiority. It highlights how such narratives contributed to the “othering” of Indian women while simultaneously reinforcing colonial authority. By analyzing these outsider perspectives, the paper reveals the intersection of gender, race, and colonial discourse, and questions the authenticity and implications of these portrayals in shaping historical and cultural understanding.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19283949

Literature, Language And Literary Criticism: Classical, Modern And Contemporary Perspectives

Authors: Dr. Neeraj Kumar Parashari

Abstract: Literature is the artistic shaping of human experience through language, and literary criticism is the disciplined inquiry into how that shaping occurs and why it matters. Across historical periods, critics have debated whether literature imitates reality, constructs it, challenges it, or destabilizes it. Underlying these debates is a persistent concern with language: its structure, symbolism, emotional force, and ideological power. This research paper traces the development of literary criticism from classical antiquity through modern theoretical movements to contemporary critical paradigms. It argues that changing theories of language fundamentally shaped changing theories of literature. From mimetic and moral frameworks in classical thought, to structural and linguistic models in modern criticism, and finally to contemporary approaches that foreground power, identity, and discourse, literary criticism reflects broader intellectual transformations in philosophy, politics, and culture.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19284014

Pursuing Permanent Membership: India’s Contemporary Approach To United Nations Security Council Reform (2014–2024)

Authors: T. Raymond Touthang

Abstract: The United Nations Security Council (UNSC), created in 1945, continues to embody the geopolitical realities of the immediate post–Second World War era, which increasingly diverge from the dynamics of today’s multipolar international system. Growing demands for reform—particularly the enlargement of permanent membership—reflect mounting pressure from emerging powers seeking more equitable representation in global decision-making. India, as the world’s largest democracy, an expanding economic force, and one of the foremost contributors to UN peacekeeping operations, has positioned itself prominently within this reform movement. This study explores India’s diplomatic engagement between 2014 and 2024 in promoting reform of the UNSC. It evaluates India’s efforts through platforms such as the G4, the L.69 coalition, BRICS, the G20, and its outreach to the Global South. The analysis demonstrates how India has articulated Security Council reform not merely as a national objective, but as a broader commitment to fairness, inclusivity, and balanced representation in global governance structures. Simultaneously, it assesses the obstacles confronting this agenda, including procedural stagnation within the UN system, intensifying major-power competition, and resistance from influential member states. The paper contends that although India has succeeded in reinvigorating and internationalizing the reform discourse, the attainment of substantive change remains uncertain, revealing both the potential and the structural constraints of contemporary multilateral diplomacy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19284194

Contemporary Global Challenges Faced By Teachers In An Inclusive Classroom With Children With Special Needs

Authors: Dr.Prithi Venkatesh, Mr.Vibhuti Kumar Jha.

Abstract: Teachers are widely recognized as the most critical agents in making inclusive education work, yet they face persistent, multidimensional challenges that undermine effective practice. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the contemporary global challenges confronting teachers in inclusive classrooms serving children with special needs, organized across six domains: (i) attitudinal and psychological barriers, (ii) inadequate training and professional preparation, (iii) classroom management and instructional difficulties, (iv) self-efficacy and burnout, (v) collaboration and support deficits, and (vi) resource and infrastructure limitations. Drawing on international research — including meta-analyses covering over 40,000 teachers across 55 countries — the review finds that while teacher attitudes toward inclusion have progressed positively from 2000 to 2020, significant pockets of negativity persist, particularly regarding students with severe disabilities. The gap between what teachers need to know and what they receive in per-service training remains the most consistently identified barrier, though evidence confirms that targeted training positively affects both attitudes (r = 0.75, p = 0.001) and professional competence. In inclusive settings, teacher self-efficacy emerges as a strong predictor of inclusive practice, yet burnout rates are elevated among non-specialist teachers, with a counter intuitive finding that teachers with the most positive attitudes toward inclusion may experience the greatest burnout. The review identifies evidence-based strategies for addressing these challenges, including comprehensive ongoing professional development, self-efficacy and resilience building, strengthened collaborative support systems, reduced structural barriers, and mentoring networks. The paper concludes that addressing the systemic challenges teachers face requires coordinated action across per-service education, school-level administrative support, and national policy frameworks to fulfill the global commitment to equitable, quality education for all children with disabilities.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19284300

Reading Between The Lines: Exploring Foreground, Background And Viewpoints In Winterson’s Narrative.

Authors: Ms. Gargee Tambe, Dr. Suporna Mitra

Abstract: The novel Sexing the Cherry which is selected for analysis is written by British writer Jeanette Winterson. She is known for her innovative narrative style and bold explorations of gender, sexuality, myth and identity. In this research paper the researcher will analyse a passage from Jeanette Winterson’s Sexing the cherry, by applying Wolfgang Iser’s reader-response literary theory. The passage will be analysed through the lens of Iser’s hermeneutical concepts like foreground and background and wandering viewpoint. The analysis will demonstrate how Winterson’s narrative compels the reader to join in the process of meaning-making. The paper argues the reader’s meaning making process is actively structured because of the nonlinear narration, temporal fluidity and the mythic-historical layering occurring in the narrative. The paper will discuss how the foreground and background contrast each other and will study its effect on the reader’s interpretation. The readers are prompted to move between perspectives, times and continually revisit interpretations because of the mechanism of the wandering viewpoint. The paper will shed a light on how the narrative destabilizes a fixed perspective and demands the reader’s participation in stitching together multiple vantage points. By employing Iser’s theoretical framework, the paper asserts that there is a continuous negotiation between the immediacy and distance which the reader has to undergo in order to reach meaning/s which are open to multiple interpretations.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19284513

Role Of Civil Society In Protecting Human Rights: An Interdisciplinary Perspective

Authors: Rajkumari

Abstract: Civil society serves as a vital intermediary in the protection and promotion of human rights. bridging gaps left by state mechanisms. It includes non-governmental organizations, social movements, advocacy groups, community-based organization and professional associations. It is important for the protection, promotion and enforcement of human rights at national and international levels. This paper explores the relationship between civil society and human rights, with special reference to India and global human rights framework. This paper also examines challenges faced by the civil society including shrinking civil space restrictive laws, political pressure these constraints civil society continues to innovate digital activism, public interest litigation and grassroots mobilization. The study finds that a vibrant, independent and participatory civil society is essential for strengthening democratic government and ensuring effective human rights protection. It emphasizes the need for supportive legal frameworks and constructive state civil society engagement to certain human rights voices in contemporary societies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19284586

Representation Of Loss, Memory, And Dislocated Identity In Intizar Husain’s The Sea Lies Ahead

Authors: Sashi Bhushan

Abstract: Intizar Husain is a Pakistani fiction writer of Indian origin who was shortlisted for the prestigious Man Booker Prize 2013 for Frances W. Pritchett’s English translation of his classic Urdu novel Basti. His fiction deals with the themes of Partition, its emotional and psychological scars, cultural identity and heritage, mythology and folklore, nostalgia and memory, religious tolerance and harmony, humanism and compassion, etc. He has authored five novels and seven collections of short stories. His trilogy of novels, The Chronicle, Basti, and The Sea Lies Ahead is the most significant among them. The Sea Lies Ahead is the English translation of Intizar Husain’s Urdu novel Aage Samandar Hai. This book is translated by Rakhshanda Jalil, a well-known writer, critic, and literary historian. Set against the backdrop of the Partition of the Subcontinent and its aftermath, it portrays the contemporary reality of Pakistan. The Sea Lies Ahead tells the trials and tribulations of Urdu-speaking Partition migrants in the violence-affected city of Karachi. The novel's protagonist is Jawad Hasan, a migrant who chooses to leave his Indian hometown, Vyaspur, and settle in Karachi, the city of Muhajirs. The novel explores the evolving life history of Jawad simultaneously with the historical events leading to discordant nationalism and ethnic violence in Pakistan. Jawad is portrayed as a “carder of memories” who passively witnesses the political and social decline of the city. This paper explores the representation of loss, memory and dislocated identity in The Sea Lies Ahead.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19284654

A Comparative Study Of The Educational Philosophy Of Raja Mahendra Pratap, Mahatma Gandhi And Madan Mohan Malviya

Authors: Tarun Prakash, Dr. Hradayesh Kumar

Abstract: This article conducts a comparative study of the educational philosophies of Raja Mahendra Pratap, Mahatma Gandhi and Madan Mohan Malaviya amid colonial India's evolving educational landscape. It gives a short overview of Indian education from indigenous Pathshalas to Macaulay's Anglicised education recommendation and Woods Despatch. It critiques British policies of fostering cultural alienation, prompting nationalist alternatives rooted in self-reliance, morality and cultural revival. Raja Mahendra Pratap, often overshadowed as a revolutionary, established Prem Mahavidyalaya in Vrindavan as a free vocational, caste-inclusive institution blending Hindi-medium academics with modern science subjects. He Emphasised practical crafts (three hours study, three hours’ work), ethical training and universal humanism inspired by "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam." Gandhi's Nai Talim (Wardha Scheme, 1937) emphasised craft-centred basic education, mother-tongue instruction and character-building through non-violence and labour dignity, targeting mass rural upliftment. Malaviya's Banaras Hindu University (1916) integrated modern science with Hindu spiritual values for national consolidation. Similarities in these educationists include, experiential learning, vocational focus and rejection of colonial rote system. While differences emerge in scope—Pratap’s technical emphasis in secondary education, Gandhi's primary mass orientation and Malaviya’s cultural nationalism in higher education. The analysis underscores their enduring relevance for holistic, skill-based education promoting ethical global citizenship and social equity.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19284938

Caste, Space, And Representation: Understanding Developmental Exclusion Of Scheduled Castes At The Block Level In Sitapur District

Authors: Shobhit Yadav, Dr. Vijay Yadav

Abstract: This research investigates the spatial aspects of socio-economic deprivation among Scheduled Castes (SCs) at the block level within Sitapur district, Uttar Pradesh. Although district-level data frequently showcases aggregated trends, such averages often mask localized disparities in developmental outcomes. To fill this void, the study utilizes a block-level analytical framework, drawing on secondary data from the Census of India 2011. Selected socio-economic indicators—literacy rates, female literacy, workforce participation, marginal employment, and child population—were standardized through Z-score normalization and amalgamated to create a Composite Deprivation Index (CDI). The blocks were then ranked to uncover patterns of intra-district inequality. The results indicate considerable spatial variation in deprivation levels among the blocks. Certain blocks, such as Laharpur and Behta, display relatively elevated levels of multidimensional deprivation, whereas others like Pahla and Gondlamau show comparatively favorable socio-economic conditions. Notably, the analysis reveals that a higher concentration of Scheduled Caste populations does not inherently lead to increased deprivation, underscoring the impact of localized institutional, educational, and economic contexts. The findings demonstrate that caste-based developmental exclusion is territorially clustered, challenging assumptions of uniform deprivation. By merging demographic concentration with multidimensional socio-economic indicators, the study accentuates the interconnected dynamics between caste, space, and representation. The findings advocate for geographically targeted interventions and decentralized planning strategies to tackle localized inequalities. In summary, the research enhances the understanding of intra-district disparities and reinforces the significance of spatial analysis in exploring caste-based developmental exclusion.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19285023

Labour Informality And Social Sustainability In India: Rethinking Economic Development Pathways

Authors: Arun Lal, Dr. Monika Khanna

Abstract: Labour informality forms a key structural element in the Indian economy and has significant implications for societal equity, labour’s economic security and the employment situation. Despite decades of continuous economic growth, a significant percentage of the Indian population has not yet been included in the official structures of law and social protection programs. Informal employment hinders more general goals of inclusive and sustainable development, given its link with precarious labour arrangements, low productivity, economic precariousness, and lack of institutional protection. This study uses the social sustainability conceptual framework to critically examine the extent, antecedents and socioeconomic consequences of informality of labour in the Indian context. It argues that deep-rooted inequities related to gender, caste and regional disparities and structural dualism in the labour market have not been adequately addressed by mainstream, growth-oriented development paradigms. The study uses qualitative and analytical methodology to analyse the relationship between informal employment and social sustainability impacts such as income distribution, social protection coverage, and developmental indicators. Qualitative and descriptive form of analysis are used, based on secondary data, consisting of the Periodic Labour Force Survey, the National Sample Survey, and the relevant foreign policy documentation. The findings suggest that informality is a systemic characteristic that is embedded within institutional and economic processes and is not a transient phenomenon. The study calls for changing the developmental trajectories to include gender-inclusive employment policies, universal social protection floors, skill development and labour formalization as basic pillars of sustainable growth. To accomplish equality, resilience and sustainable socio-economic development in India, it is important to align macroeconomic growth with the principles of decent work.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19326823

Literature And Society In India: Texts, Contexts, And Ideologies—Tagore, Indian Knowledge Systems An Interdisciplinary Dialogues

Authors: Dr. Thandava Gowda Tn

Abstract: Indian literature has historically functioned as a powerful medium through which social realities, ethical dilemmas, and ideological conflicts are articulated and contested. This paper examines Indian literature as a form of social knowledge by adopting an interdisciplinary framework that brings literary studies into dialogue with history, cultural studies, education, and philosophy. Placing Rabindranath Tagore at the center of analysis, the paper explores how literary texts engage with society through questions of nationalism, civilization, education, and humanism. Tagore’s literary works, political essays, and educational experiments at Santiniketan are read alongside the conceptual framework of the Indian Knowledge System (IKS), understood as an integrated epistemology combining knowledge, systematic inquiry, and life philosophy. The paper argues that Indian literature does not merely reflect society but actively participates in shaping social consciousness and ethical imagination. By foregrounding Tagore’s critique of narrow nationalism and his vision of holistic education, the study demonstrates how Indian literary traditions contribute meaningfully to global interdisciplinary dialogues in the humanities and social sciences.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19326927

Gender, Law, And Justice: A Comparative Study Of Feminist Legal Reforms In Emerging Democracies

Authors: Km Priya Chandel, Prof. Amit Singh

Abstract: Gender equality has become an important objective for modern legal systems, especially in emerging democracies where social and political institutions are still developing. Historically, many legal frameworks were shaped by patriarchal norms that limited women’s rights and participation in public life. Feminist legal reforms seek to challenge these inequalities by transforming laws, policies, and judicial practices in ways that promote fairness, dignity, and equal protection under the law. This paper examines how feminist perspectives have influenced legal reforms in emerging democratic countries and how these reforms aim to address issues such as gender-based violence, workplace discrimination, unequal property rights, and limited political representation. Using a comparative approach, the study analyzes the role of constitutional provisions, legislative actions, and judicial decisions in promoting gender justice. It also considers the contributions of civil society organizations and feminist movements in advocating for legal change. While many emerging democracies have introduced progressive laws to protect women’s rights, significant challenges remain in their effective implementation. Social attitudes, economic inequality, and institutional limitations often restrict access to justice for many women. The study argues that meaningful gender justice requires not only strong legal frameworks but also social awareness, institutional commitment, and continuous policy reforms that ensure equality in both law and practice.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19327171

Identity Crisis And Nostalgia: A Study Of South Asian Literature

Authors: Dr. Reshma Perveen, Ms. Tehmeen Fatma

Abstract: This paper explores the intricate interplay between identity crisis and nostalgia in South Asian literature. By examining a diverse range of literary works from the region, the study delves into how characters navigate their cultural, social, and personal identities amidst the conflicts of modernity and tradition. Utilizing close textual analysis and theoretical frameworks, the research investigates various manifestations of identity crises, including struggles with cultural assimilation, hybridity, and the tension between individual desires and societal expectations. Additionally, the role of nostalgia is examined as both a coping mechanism and a source of longing for an idealized past. The study highlights how nostalgia evokes memories of home, heritage, and belonging while also critiquing its potential to romanticize the past. Furthermore, it explores how themes of displacement, diaspora, and globalization shape characters' perceptions of self and others. By focusing on these dual lenses of identity crisis and nostalgia, the paper contributes to a deeper understanding of cultural identity's complexity in South Asia, emphasizing the dynamic nature of identity formation influenced by historical, socio-political, and personal factors. This research underscores the importance of literature in reflecting and shaping the multifaceted experiences of individuals in a rapidly changing world.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19327275

Healthcare Justice In Rural India: Political Thought And Policy Challenges For Paramedic Professionals In West Bengal

Authors: Mr. Koushik Ray, Prof. (Dr.) Soma Bhowmick

Abstract: Healthcare equity remains a critical concern in the discourse of public policy and governance in India, particularly in rural regions where access to qualified medical professionals is limited. In such contexts, paramedic professionals play a crucial yet often under-recognized role in bridging the gap between formal healthcare institutions and rural communities. This paper examines the challenges faced by paramedic professionals in rural areas of West Bengal through the perspectives of political thought, governance, and public policy, with particular reference to the idea of healthcare justice and welfare-oriented governance. Despite their significant contribution to primary healthcare delivery, paramedic professionals face several structural and institutional barriers, including inadequate training facilities, lack of clear regulatory frameworks, limited professional recognition, and insufficient policy support. These issues reflect broader gaps in rural health governance and the marginalization of allied health professionals within the formal healthcare system. The paper argues that achieving healthcare justice in rural India requires a more inclusive policy framework that acknowledges and strengthens the role of paramedic professionals. By examining existing healthcare policies and governance mechanisms in West Bengal, the study highlights the need for reforms in training, accreditation, and institutional support to enhance healthcare accessibility and equity in rural areas.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19327885

Indian Cultural Diplomacy And Soft Power In The Late Colonial Period: Intellectual Networks, Institutions, And Global

Authors: Gajendra Singh

Abstract: In the late colonial period (c. 1880s–1947), Indian intellectuals and cultural institutions deployed forms of cultural diplomacy and soft power to shape international perceptions and contest imperial narratives. This paper examines how intellectual networks such as Rabindranath Tagore, Swami Vivekananda, and transnational theosophical and nationalist circles, along with institutions including Visva-Bharati, the Theosophical Society, and artistic and scholarly organizations, functioned as instruments of global cultural projection. Through archival and textual analysis of speeches, institutional records, exhibitions, and contemporary publications, the study argues that these cultural initiatives promoted narratives of India’s civilizational depth, ethical authority, and intellectual vitality. International lecture tours, educational exchanges, and participation in global cultural forums enabled Indian actors to engage global audiences and challenge colonial portrayals of India as culturally subordinate. These intellectual and institutional networks created alternative spaces for dialogue, fostered international solidarity, and contributed to the formation of a global cultural presence rooted in India’s historical traditions. By situating cultural diplomacy within the broader framework of anti-colonial resistance and identity formation, this paper demonstrates that soft power operated as a significant tool in undermining imperial legitimacy and shaping India’s emergence as a culturally influential nation in the modern world.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19327946

Various Perspectives Of Literary Criticism On The Works Of Literature

Authors: Dr. Parul Rastogi

Abstract: What is Literary Criticism:- Literary criticism analyzes, interprets, and evaluates works of literature. Though you most often find criticism in the form of an essay, in dept book reviews may also be considered criticism. Criticism may analyze an individual work of literature. It may also examine an author’s body of work.Literary criticism is the act of Interpreting literature. Author presents us with work that can have multiple meaning, expecting us to consider thoughtfully to interpret. Writers and critics build on each others’ understanding of a work of Literature in a kind of dialog. Noted authors often have a body of criticism attached to their work. Critics evaluate and debate the ideas of fellow critics. Good criticism can help us develop a better understanding of a work. It can help us develop a point of view about a work, whether as not we agree with the opinions of the critic.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19328855

Role Of Artificial Intelligence In Physical Education And Sports: A Comprehensive Analysis

Authors: Dr. Hukum Singh

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence in physical education and sports provides personalized training, real-time performance analytics and automated data-driven insights to improve athletic skill, fitness and engagement. By leveraging AI for motion tracking, wearable technology and intelligent lesson planning, it enables tailored, efficient and inclusive learning experiences while enhancing athlete safety and performance. Artificial Intelligence refers to computer systems that can perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence — learning from data, making decisions, recognizing patterns and predicting outcomes. In sports and physical education, AI transforms how athletes train, compete are evaluated and how fans engage with sport.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19329085

Privacy, Power, And The Digital State: An Interdisciplinary Inquiry Into Data Governance And Democracy In India

Authors: Lokanath Patra

Abstract: The fast expansion of digital technology has significantly altered the dynamics of governance, citizenship, and political engagement. The rise of the digital state in India, defined by data-driven governance, platform-based service provision, and algorithmic decision-making, has transformed the interaction between the State and its citizens. Although digital governance offers efficiency, inclusivity, and openness, it simultaneously consolidates novel forms of power through extensive data collection and management, thereby creating significant concerns about privacy, autonomy, and democratic accountability. This study conducts an interdisciplinary examination of the nexus between privacy, power, and democracy in modern India. This paper analyzes how data governance frameworks shape power dynamics within the digital state, drawing on constitutional law, political theory, sociology, and ethics. This analysis contextualizes India's constitutional acknowledgment of the right to privacy and the developing data protection framework, evaluating their effects on democratic engagement, public trust, and personal dignity.The paper contends that privacy should be perceived not solely as an individual right but as a fundamental democratic safeguard that curtails the concentration of power inside the digital state. Excessive datafication and monitoring jeopardize citizen autonomy, inhibit political participation, and erode the deliberative basis of democracy. The paper critically analyzes state behaviors and legal frameworks, emphasizing the conflict between government efficiency and constitutional principles.The paper advocates for a rights-based, human-centric form of data governance that integrates privacy, accountability, and transparency into the fundamental practices of the digital state. This strategy is crucial to ensuring that digital transformation enhances democratic governance rather than undermining its fundamental values.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19329138

Artificial Intelligence And Productivity: A Review Of Labour Substitution, Augmentation And Task Reconfiguration

Authors: Tushar Chaudhari

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping how work is organised and performed across the global economy. This paper reviews the evidence on three core effects: labour substitution, where AI replaces tasks previously done by people; labour augmentation, where AI raises the output and quality of human workers; and task reconfiguration, where jobs are redesigned around the new division of work between humans and machines. Drawing on peer-reviewed studies, working papers and institutional reports published between 2013 and early 2026, the review finds that outright job destruction is less common than popular accounts suggest. Instead, AI tends to substitute for specific tasks within jobs, raises productivity most sharply among less experienced workers and triggers significant redesign of roles rather than wholesale elimination. Key themes include skill compression, the emergence of hybrid human-AI roles and the uneven distribution of both risks and gains across sectors, skill levels and regions. The paper identifies gaps in the literature and sets out directions for future research, with relevance to educational institutions and policymakers in the Global South.

Rethinking Mental Health In The Era Of Social Media And Digital Communities

Authors: Ms. Shivi Agarwal, Dr. Pratibha Sagar

Abstract: The rapid expansion of social media and digital communities has fundamentally reshaped human interaction, identity formation, and emotional expression. While digital platforms offer unprecedented opportunities for connection, creativity, and mental health advocacy, they also introduce new risks, including cyber bullying, social comparison, misinformation, and digital addiction. This paper rethinks mental health in the era of social media by adopting a cross-disciplinary perspective that integrates psychology, sociology, media studies, and cultural theory. Based on earlier research, the study explores how digital environments influence self-concept, emotional regulation, community formation, stigma reduction, and structural inequalities. It suggests that mental health in today’s digital world cannot be explained only as a personal or medical problem within an individual. Instead, it must be examined within broader technological, cultural, and socio-economic contexts. By analyzing both the empowering and harmful dimensions of digital communities, this paper proposes an integrative framework that balances digital literacy, ethical design, community accountability, and culturally sensitive mental health interventions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19333920

Economic Activities And Development Of Siddi Women In Karnataka

Authors: Dr. Yerriswamy E.

Abstract: The Siddi community of Uttara Kannada, Karnataka, represents a unique tribal diaspora of African descent with a distinct cultural heritage. This research critically analyzes the empowerment of Siddi women, who have remained socio-economically marginalized for centuries. Methodology: The study is primarily based on empirical data collected Siddi households in Uttara Kannada. The research framework is grounded in Amartya Sen’s ‘Capability Approach’ and Naila Kabeer’s ‘Agency’ theory. Secondary data were synthesized from National Censuses (1951–2011) and historical manuscripts. Key Findings: 35% of the women surveyed remain illiterate, leading to significant Capability Deprivation in economic spheres. Contrastingly, 80% of the women are active members of Self-Help Groups (SHGs), which has significantly bolstered their Social Capital and decision-making Agency. The study further demonstrates that the traditional ‘Kavandi’ Art craft is evolving from a cultural artifact into a sustainable micro-enterprise, offering a pathway for economic resilience. The development of Siddi women transcends mere quantitative economic growth; it is a qualitative process of honoring historical identity and expanding real human capabilities. Facilitating market access for Kavandi art and securing forest land rights are pivotal to their holistic empowerment.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19334050

Streaming The Margins: A Comparative Case Study Of Odia Cinema And Other Indian Regional Industries On OTT Platforms

Authors: Jitendra Dash, Dr. Satyabrata Das

Abstract: The emergence of Over-the-Top(OTT) platforms has altered the production and narrative of regional film in India. This study examines the significant changes that Ollywood, the Odia film business, underwent between 2022 and 2026. During this period, the practice of making began to give way to fresh, realistic fictions. The following study uses a case study methodology to contrast Odia cinema’s tactics with those of the more well-known Bengali, Malayalam, and Marathi film industries. According to the research, smaller regional platforms like AAONXT and Kancha Lenka have contributed to the revival of Odia culture and the establishment of connections with individuals outside of India, despite the fact that major worldwide streaming services prioritise making local stories universal. According to the report, the secret to this shift is fusing ancient narratives with contemporary digital methods. Access to these films is still difficult for residents of remote areas, nevertheless, due to significant policy and infrastructure issues. According to the report, Ollywood and other such companies require a combination of robust government support and culturally authentic digital content in order to thrive over the long run.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19334124

Utilization Of Sericulture Waste: A Sustainable Waste-to-Wealth Approach In The Rohilkhand Region

Authors: Dr. Barkha

Abstract: Sericulture is an important agro-based rural industry supporting livelihood and rural employment in India. In the Rohilkhand region of Uttar Pradesh, particularly in Pilibhit district (Puranpur, Bisalpur, Barkhera and nearby rearing clusters), mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing have expanded in recent years. Along with silk production, considerable quantities of by-products such as silkworm litter, frass, defective cocoons, pupae, and reeling residues are generated during the rearing and processing stages. Traditionally these materials are treated as waste, resulting in loss of valuable resources. The present study evaluates the potential of sericulture waste utilization through a waste-to-wealth and zero-waste sericulture approach in the Rohilkhand region up to 2025. The study highlights how rearing waste and reeling residues can be converted into value-added products such as organic manure, livestock feed, and bio-products. The findings indicate that efficient utilization of sericulture by-products can increase farm income by 30–40% while reducing environmental impact in the Ramganga basin. Proper management of sericulture waste can therefore support sustainable sericulture development and strengthen rural livelihoods in Pilibhit and the Rohilkhand region.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19334172

The Role Of Society In Promoting The Education

Authors: Showket Hussain Bhat

Abstract: Education and society are deeply interconnected, society plays the pivotal role in shaping the educational landscape and provides the framework, values, and resources within which education operates, while education prepares individuals to participate effectively in social life. This paper examines the role of society in education by exploring how social institutions, culture, economy, and community involvement contribute to educational development. It also discusses how education functions as a tool for social change and development. Society influences education by shaping values, norms, and expectations that encourage learning and intellectual growth. Families provide the first foundation of education by instilling discipline, motivation, and moral values in children. Educational institutions transmit knowledge and skills necessary for social and economic development, while communities support learning through cultural practices, awareness programs, and social support systems. Thus, society acts as a driving force in promoting education, ensuring social progress, equality, and sustainable development.

DOI:

Developing Safety Culture Among Contract Workforce Through Leadership Engagement: A Study Of Tata Steel

Authors: Abdul Rauf, Ms.Shruti Rawat

Abstract: Safety culture has emerged as a critical determinant of organizational performance, particularly in high-risk industries such as steel manufacturing. In India, large industrial organizations increasingly rely on contract labor to maintain operational flexibility, cost efficiency, and scalability. However, contract workers often face disproportionate safety risks due to limited training, weaker organizational attachment, and reduced leadership interaction. This research article examines the role of leadership engagement in developing and sustaining a strong safety culture among the contract workforce at Tata Steel. Using a conceptual- empirical framework grounded in safety culture theory, transformational leadership, and behavioral safety models, the study explores how leadership visibility, communication, participation, and accountability mechanisms influence safety attitudes and behaviors among contract employees. The paper integrates insights from prior literature, industry practices, and Tata Steel’s safety philosophy to propose a leadership-driven safety culture model. The findings suggest that proactive leadership engagement significantly enhances safety awareness, trust, compliance, and ownership among contract workers. The study concludes with managerial implications and recommendations for strengthening inclusive safety leadership practices in large industrial organizations.

The Influence Of CSR On Small Businesses: Challenges And Opportunities

Authors: Yashoda L, Pranav Vanjre, Nidhi N M, Abhinav Chavhan, Dheeraj Shinde

Abstract: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has traditionally been associated with large companies. These businesses often have dedicated teams, resources, and regulatory obligations to ensure their CSR activities align with their overall strategy. However, the idea of CSR has grown over the years and is now relevant to small businesses too, especially in growing economies like India. Small enterprises, known for their agility and job creation, are starting to see the value in being socially responsible. This paper explores how CSR affects small businesses, the obstacles they face, and the opportunities that come from adopting such practices. It also compares how CSR works differently in large corporations versus small businesses, particularly in terms of available resources and social impact. One major reason small businesses are taking CSR seriously is because of changing customer expectations. Nowadays, people prefer to buy from businesses that care about the environment, treat their employees well, and support good causes. This shift in consumer thinking gives small businesses a chance to stand out. By showing they are socially responsible, small companies can build stronger relationships with customers, improve their image, and gain a competitive edge. Earlier, CSR was seen as something only big companies could afford. But now, small businesses are realizing that doing good can also mean doing well in business. Activities like supporting local schools, reducing plastic use, or giving employees better working conditions can build trust and loyalty. These actions may seem small, but they add up and make a difference in the way people see the business. CSR in small businesses often looks different from what you’d see in a big company. Large corporations usually follow a structured CSR plan with policies and reports. On the other hand, small businesses tend to act more informally. Their CSR efforts may not be part of an official strategy, but they are still meaningful. For instance, a local bakery might donate leftover food to shelters, or a small retailer may source eco-friendly packaging. Even without a formal structure, these actions help the business and the community. Small businesses are often close to the people they serve. This closeness makes their CSR efforts more personal and direct. Customers, employees, and neighbors can clearly see the positive impact the business is having. While there are many benefits to CSR, small businesses also face tough challenges when trying to put it into practice. The biggest issue is the lack of resources. Unlike big companies, small businesses often don’t have extra money, staff, or time to dedicate to social responsibility efforts. Many small business owners are focused on simply keeping the business running and don’t have the bandwidth to think long-term about sustainability or social issues. Some owners may also be unsure about what CSR really means or how to start. Without proper training or guidance, they may not know how to set up a CSR plan that fits their size and budget. As a result, they may not see the connection between CSR and business success and avoid taking any action at all. There’s also the problem of not having enough support from the government or industry bodies. In many cases, CSR laws and policies are written with big companies in mind.

राजनीतिक चिंतन, सुशासन और लोकनीति के परिप्रेक्ष्य में थारू जनजाति की पंचायती राज व्यवस्था में सहभागिता

Authors: Sangh Ratan Gautam, Dr. Rakesh Kumar Jaiswal

Abstract: यह शोध-पत्र राजनीतिक चिंतन, सुशासन और लोकनीति के सैद्धांतिक एवं व्यावहारिक आयामों के संदर्भ में थारू जनजाति की पंचायतीराज संस्थाओं में सहभागिता का विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। अध्ययन का भौगोलिक क्षेत्र उत्तराखंड राज्य के ऊधम सिंह नगर जनपद का खटीमा विकास खंड है, जहाँ थारू समुदाय की उल्लेखनीय जनसंख्या निवास करती है। 73वें संविधान संशोधन के पश्चात स्थानीय स्वशासन संस्थाओं को संवैधानिक मान्यता प्राप्त हुई, जिससे अनुसूचित जनजातियों के लिए राजनीतिक प्रतिनिधित्व और आरक्षण सुनिश्चित हुआ। इस अध्ययन में अनुभवजन्य पद्धति का प्रयोग करते हुए 100 उत्तरदाताओं से प्राप्त आंकड़ों का विश्लेषण किया गया है। अध्ययन के निष्कर्ष दर्शाते हैं कि पंचायती राज व्यवस्था नें थारू समुदाय को राजनीतिक मंच प्रदान किया है, परंतु वास्तविक निर्णय निर्माण प्रक्रिया में उनकी प्रभावशीलता अभी भी सीमित है। सुशासन के तत्व-पारदर्शिता, जवाबदेही, सहभागिता और विधि का शासन आंशिक रूप से परिलक्षित होते हैं। लोकनीतियों के क्रियान्वयन में पंचायतों की भूमिका महत्वपूर्ण है, किंतु प्रशासनिक जटिलताएं और सामाजिक संरचनातमक बाधाएँ सशक्तिकरण की गति को प्रभावित करती है। अध्ययन अंततः नीतिगत सुझाव प्रस्तुत करता है, जो जनजातीय राजनीतिक विकास की दिशा में उपयोगी साबित हो सकते हैं।

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19352271

महिला एवं पुरुष पुलिसकर्मियों के साधनात्मक सामाजिक समर्थन का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन रवि शंकर वर्मा

Authors: रवि शंकर वर्मा

Abstract: इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य महिला एवं पुरुष पुलिसकर्मियों के साधनात्मक सामाजिक समर्थन का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन करना था | इस अध्ययन के लिए सामाजिक समर्थन मापनी का उपयोग किया गया | न्यादर्श 300 पुलिसकर्मियों (150 पुरूष पुलिसकर्मी एवं 150 महिला पुलिसकर्मी ) का था | प्राप्त प्रदत्तों को उपयुक्त सांख्यिकीय विधियों मध्यमान, मानक विचलन एवं क्रान्तिक – अनुपात की सहायता से विश्लेषण किया गया | महिला एवं पुरूष पुलिसकर्मियों के साधनात्मक सामाजिक समर्थन प्राप्तांकों में सार्थक अंतर पाया गया |

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19352292

अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंध और भू-राजनीति: एक्ट ईस्ट पॉलिसी एवं नेवर्हुड फर्स्ट पॉलिसी के परिप्रेक्ष्य में भारत-बांग्लादेश सम्बंधों का रणनीतिक पुनर्मूल्यांकन

Authors: Manoj Kumar, Anupam Kumar, Dr. Rakesh Kumar Jaiswal

Abstract: अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंध और भू राजनीति, आधुनिक वैश्विक व्यवस्था को समझने के लिए दो प्रमुख अध्ययन क्षेत्र हैं। अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंध एवं भू राजनीति दो अलग-अलग विस्तृत विषय हैं। जिनको विस्तार पूर्वक पढ़ा जाता है। अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंध के तहत हम किसी राष्ट्र के आंतरिक तथा बाह्य संस्थाओं, राजनीतिक संरचनाओं एवं विद्यमान नौकरशाही व्यवस्था तथा वैश्विक कारकों के बीच के राजनीतिक, आर्थिक एवं सामरिक संबंधों का विस्तार सहित अध्ययन करते हैं। वही भू राजनीति के तहत उस राष्ट्र के भौगोलिक तत्वों, जलवायु तथा प्राकृतिक संसाधनों की शक्ति, सुरक्षा और रणनीति का विश्लेषण करते हैं। अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंध और भू-राजनीति के परिप्रेक्ष्य में भारत और बांग्लादेश के संबंध दक्षिण एशिया में स्थिरता, सुरक्षा और आर्थिक सहयोग के लिए अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण हैं। भौगोलिक निकटता, ऐतिहासिक संबंध और सामरिक हित दोनों देशों के रिश्तों को विशेष महत्व देते हैं। इस शोध पत्र के अध्ययन का प्रमुख उद्देश्य दोनों अवधारणा (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंध और भू राजनीति) को "एक्ट ईस्ट पॉलिसी" एवं "नेवर्हुड फर्स्ट पॉलिसी” के तहत भारत तथा बांग्लादेश संबंधों को अच्छे से समझना है और इन सिद्धांत का विस्तार कैसे हुआ, उसकी ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि क्या है? सैद्धांतिक आधार क्या है? तथा साथ ही साथ भारत-बाग्लादेश के भू राजनीतिक संबंधों के प्रभावों का भी अध्ययन करेंगे। जिसके अंतर्गत भारत-बांग्लादेश के पारस्परिक सामरिक, राजनीतिक, आर्थिक तथा सांस्कृतिक संबंधों को देखेंगे और समकालीन समय में इस विषय की क्या प्रासंगिकता है? जैसे मुद्दों को शामिल करके उनका हल निकाला जाएगा।

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19352316

Development and Evaluation of Random Forest Model for Loan Default Risk Assessment Using Real World Financial Data

Authors: Kosisochukwu Henry Ukpabi, Farouk Lawan Gambo, Aminu Abdullahi, Suleiman Ibrahim

Abstract: Loan default poses a significant threat to the sustainability of financial institutions, necessitating the development of intelligent, data-driven systems for early risk detection. This research presents a robust and interpretable machine learning framework for predicting loan default risk using a real-world financial dataset comprising 255,347 anonymized loan records with a pronounced class imbalance (11.6% default rate). To address the skewed class distribution, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) was applied to the training set, enhancing the model's sensitivity to defaulters. Four supervised learning algorithms Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were implemented and rigorously evaluated using stratified 5-fold cross-validation. Performance metrics included Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score, and Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC), with particular emphasis on metrics sensitive to class imbalance. Among the models tested, the Random Forest classifier achieved the best overall performance, attaining a test accuracy of 96.26%, F1-Score of 0.8014, and AUC-ROC of 0.9215, thereby offering a balanced and reliable prediction of default risk. To ensure model transparency and support regulatory compliance, HasMortgage, EmploymentType, and LoanPurpose as key drivers of default risk, aligning with domain knowledge and enhancing stakeholder trust. The study concludes that combining ensemble machine learning models with class imbalance handling and explainable AI techniques offers a practical and effective solution for credit risk assessment. Recommendations were made for financial institutions, data scientists, and policymakers to adopt interpretable, fair, and performance-optimized predictive systems. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on responsible AI in finance and lays a foundation for future advancements in ethical and data-driven credit decision-making.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19364588

Effective Management Of Diversity In Teaching At Secondary Schools: A Case Study Of Selected Secondary Schools In Chongwe District

Authors: Kelvin Luwaile

Abstract: This study examined the effective management of diversity in teaching at secondary schools in Chongwe District, Zambia, with the aim of identifying the types and dimensions of diversity present, evaluating the effectiveness of existing strategies, and proposing contextually relevant interventions for improvement. A descriptive research design employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches was used. The study targeted a sample of 150 participants, including head teachers, deputy head teachers, teachers, students, and community leaders, selected through purposive, random, and stratified sampling methods. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and documentary reviews, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, regression models, and thematic content analysis. Findings revealed that diversity in Chongwe’s secondary schools manifests across multiple dimensions, including gender, language, socioeconomic background, religion, and disability. While inclusive pedagogy, administrative commitment, and student engagement initiatives were evident, they were inconsistently applied and often constrained by limited resources, insufficient teacher training, and weak monitoring mechanisms. Inferential analysis indicated that administrative commitment, teacher training, and resource allocation were the strongest predictors of effective inclusion. Qualitative narratives further underscored gaps in policy implementation, community involvement, and the sustainability of diversity initiatives.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19364620

A Study On Soli Language As ‘Endangered’ Due To The Use Of Other Languages In Lusaka Province

Authors: Clenedy Mutoza, Dr Sumathi .K. Sripati

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19364920

Factors Affecting The Retention Levels Of Pupils In Public Primary Schools In Selected Schools In Rufunsa District

Authors: Phiri Venasho

Abstract: The major concern of this study was that, despite Rufunsa District being highly economical, having free primary education and a re-entry policy, some school going age children are still locked out of school whereas dropouts continue to be pervasive. The objectives of the study were to investigate the factors that influence low retention levels in public primary schools in Rufunsa District; to ascertain the age and grades of pupils with high dropout rate levels in public primary schools in Rufunsa District. The study also sought to establish measures that could be taken to improve retention levels of pupils in public primary schools of Rufunsa District. The research is a mixed method approach- both qualitative and quantitative for data collection. The study used semi-structured interview guide for head teachers, questionnaires for teachers, focus group discussion for pupils, parents and school dropouts. It was then presented using distribution tables, bar and clustered graphs. While qualitative data was in the form of explanation as themes emerged. The findings of the study were that the retention level of pupils in public primary schools was low. The problem of dropout affected girls more than boys. The first objective found that the factors that influence retention levels of pupils in public primary schools in Rufunsa District were poverty among others. The second objective showed that the most affected age was 14 and 15 years. The third objective showed that most pupils dropout of school at grade 7. The fourth objective showed that education tours and sensitization to parents and pupils on the importance of education is advisable. The study recommended that the government should conduct aggressive campaigns through churches to sensitise the community on the importance of education.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19365515

The Impacts Of Urbanization On Public Health In Selected Areas Of Lusaka District, Zambia.

Authors: Blessed Phiri

Abstract: This study examines the impacts of urbanization on public health in the informal settlements of Kanyama and Chawama, Lusaka District, Zambia. Rapid and largely unplanned urban growth has outpaced infrastructure development in Lusaka, producing widespread deficits in water supply, sanitation, drainage, and housing that sustain a heavy communicable disease burden among residents of informal settlements. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, the study collected data from twenty-two adult residents through structured questionnaires combining closed-ended items and open-ended narrative questions. Data were analyzed using the six-phase thematic analysis process described by Braun and Clarke (2006). Five principal themes were generated: the water-disease connection; sanitation, shared suffering, and lost dignity; flooding as a seasonal health emergency; overcrowded homes and the intimacy of illness; and healthcare access: proximity without quality. Findings reveal that health challenges in these settlements are multidimensional, structurally produced, and gender-differentiated, consistent with the Social Determinants of Health Framework and the Urban Health Penalty Theory that guided the inquiry. Residents demonstrated detailed, experiential understanding of the mechanisms through which their living conditions generate illness, and articulated clear priorities for change. The study concludes that effective responses require cross-sectoral structural interventions in water infrastructure, sanitation, flood drainage, housing, and primary healthcare quality, rather than individual behavior change approaches alone. Recommendations are addressed to national government, health practitioners, urban planners, and development partners.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19365844

Sexual Harassment As A Violation Of Human Dignity: A Study Of International Instruments

Authors: Manpreet Kaur

Abstract: Discrimination on the basis of gender, race, religion, skin colour, sexual orientation and age have a bearing effect on human dignity. Gender equality, Justice and non- discrimination are the core values of many international treaties, declarations, covenants and conventions such as Charter of the United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). These are all international instruments are recognized inherent human dignity. Sexual harassment against women and girls is against the value of human dignity. It includes physical contact and advances, a demand or request for sexual favours, sexually coloured remarks, showing pornography and any other unwelcome physical, verbal or non-verbal conduct of sexual nature. It creates a hostile environment for women that hinders their mental and intellectual growth. This paper will describe concept of human dignity and sexual harassment. It will also describe important international instruments related to human dignity and sexual harassment.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19366663

Female Infertility In India: Causes And Reproductive Health Management

Authors: Prakash Chandra Gupta

Abstract: Infertility is a prominent reproductive health disease which affects nearly 27.5 million (8-12%) reproductive-age couples in India. Though female-related issues account for about 40–50% of infertility cases, social stigma frequently unfairly attributes the couple's difficulties in conceiving primarily to women. There are multiple causes of female infertility, such as hormonal imbalance, disorders of ovulation, uterine and fallopian tube functions, and reproductive tract infections (RTIs). Clinical evidence indicates a significant prevalence of PCOS and endometriosis. The incidence of high female infertility rates in India is a reproductive health issue crisis influenced by changing socio-demographic and lifestyle elements. This demands specific public health interventions, improving access to reproductive services, reducing social stigma, and establishing a national infertility monitoring system.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19509913

The Role OOf Mobile Money IoIn Enhancing Digital Financial Inclusion & Efficiency Oof Small And Medium Enterprises (SMEs) IIn Zambia – A Case Analysis In Kasama District, Zambia

Authors: Martin Kalaluka Liyungu

Abstract: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are vital to Zambia’s economic development, yet their efficiency is constrained by limited access to finance and macro-economic challenges such as inflation and exchange rate volatility among others. The Zambian government established the Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) to spearhead the growth of SMEs in the country and as a strategy to boost economic growth. The rise of mobile money platforms, such as Airtel and MTN Money, offer a potential solution to the enhancement of SME efficiency as they provide faster and more accessible financial transactions. However, limited research exists on how mobile money impacts SMEs efficiency in Zambia. This study investigates the effects of mobile money on SME efficiency in Kasama District in 2024, guided by the Technology Acceptance Model and Keynesian Economic Recession Theory. Using a qualitative descriptive sample survey design, data was collected from eighty (80) respondents selected through simple random and purposive sampling. The objectives were to assess SME growth in 2024, evaluate mobile money’s impact on SME efficiency, and propose ways to enhance efficiency through mobile money adoption. Findings reveal that over seventy percent (70%) of SMEs used mobile money, leading to increased annual revenue and employee numbers, though physical expansion remained limited. Mobile money enhanced efficiency by increasing transaction speed and sales volume, aligning with its perceived usefulness and ease of use. Key barriers include unreliable networks, security concerns, and low technological literacy, particularly in rural areas. The study recommends that SMEs integrate mobile money into transactions, employees undergo technology training, and the government implements the National Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Policy to improve network reliability and cybersecurity while addressing macro-economic factors to support SME growth.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19368524

A Study On Design and Construction of Pre School Uniform with Cartoon Character

Authors: Manjula devi. K, Dr. Geetha Margret Soundri, T.Ayeesha Sumaiya

Abstract: Fashion is not just about aesthetics it reflects personality, mood, and even comfort. While the fashion industry pays great attention to adult and teenage trends, the importance of children's fashion especially in school uniforms is often overlooked. This study focuses on designing school uniforms for kids, with a creative twist integrating popular cartoon characters that children love. In the early years of education, children are in a delicate stage of emotional and cognitive development. Their environment, comfort, and self-expression play a vital role in shaping their enthusiasm for learning. Uniforms, being a daily part of a child’s life, should be more than just a dress code, they should be something that makes children excited to attend school. This study aims to create such a connection by designing cartoon-themed uniforms that combine comfort, creativity, and child appeal. Cartoons are deeply embedded in children’s daily lives. They influence how children think, act, and even how they express themselves through fashion. By introducing uniforms that feature elements from children's favourite cartoons, we are not only enhancing their sense of identity and joy but also promoting a positive attitude toward school.To assess the usefulness of this concept, the study used a descriptive survey method. A purposive selection strategy was utilized to recruit 20 preschool parents and 20 preschool teachers. Data were gathered utilizing a self-created questionnaire and semi-structured group interviews, with the test serving as the statistical technique for analysis. The findings demonstrated that both instructors and parents had good and negative views on the influence of cartoons. However, the majority of respondents agreed that cartoons might be used as a teaching technique to help students learn more effectively and engagingly.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19368711

Aicruit: A Dual-Mode Intelligence Resume Evaluation Platform

Authors: Ms. V. Mounica, V. Rakesh Firoz, T.Yashwanth, P, Ratna Babu, P. Sowmya

Abstract: In today’s competitive job market, resume screening plays a critical role in recruitment processes. However, traditional Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) rely heavily on keyword matching and lack transparency, personalization, and intelligent feedback. This paper presents AICRUIT, a dual-mode intelligent resume evaluation platform designed to enhance resume screening using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Explainable AI (XAI). The system operates in two modes: a Normal Review Mode using TF-IDF-based keyword matching and an AI Review Mode powered by advanced language models. It evaluates resumes across multiple criteria such as structure, skills, experience, and ATS compatibility. Additionally, AICRUIT provides an explainable score breakdown, enabling users to understand and improve their resumes effectively. Experimental results demonstrate high usability, with structured scoring and real-time feedback improving resume quality and user engagement. The platform bridges the gap between automated screening and human-like evaluation, making it a powerful tool for job seekers.

DOI:

Empathy And Virtuosity: Reinventing Narrative Medicine And Medical

Authors: Dr. V. Ponnulexmi, Mr. V. R. Rojar Benz

Abstract: Empathy is a fundamental value in medicine and medical education and is often regarded as an antidote to the widespread perception of dehumanization in contemporary clinical practice. However, the concept of empathy—along with related notions such as attention—remains ambiguously defined and inconsistently theorised. Current approaches tend to emphasise the understanding and measurement of empathy primarily for remedial or instrumental purposes. This article challenges dominant discourses on empathy in medical education by arguing that the privileging of competencies fosters a reductive and overly instrumental approach to its teaching and learning. Drawing on literary narratives, particularly Gabriel Weston’s Dirty Work, Wilfred Owen’s poetry, and classical texts such as Homer’s Iliad, the study proposes that the ancient concept of ‘pity’ provides a richer and more integrated framework for understanding interpersonal care. Situating empathy within broader debates on narrative medicine, professionalism, virtue ethics, and aesthetics, the article reconceptualises medical communication not merely as a measurable competency but as a form of embodied virtuosity. Ultimately, it calls for an educational paradigm shift—from the quantification of empathy toward the cultivation of ethical responsiveness through narrative engagement, touch, vulnerability, and the aesthetic formation of the medical self.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19368800

The Quotidian Gandhi: Ethical Practice In R.K. Narayans Novels

Authors: Shikha, Dr. Neetu Yadav

Abstract: This paper examines how Gandhian ethical principles manifest in the quotidian practices of protagonists across eight selected novels by R.K. Narayan (1935–1990). Rather than treating Gandhian thought as an abstract ideology, the study demonstrates that Narayan embeds it in everyday choices surrounding education, consumption, conflict, and spiritual seeking. The analysis reveals a spectrum of Gandhian engagement — from partial adoption to open contradiction — and argues that this complexity constitutes a sustained philosophical meditation on ethical existence in postcolonial India. The paper employs a qualitative, close-reading methodology informed by Gandhian philosophy, Indian intellectual traditions, and postcolonial theory.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19368927

Juvenile Justice And The Importance Of Childrens Rights

Authors: Dr. Ebru Ibish

Abstract: Juvenile justice system represents a legal and social framework designed to respond to offenses committed by children in conflict with law, in a manner consistent with their age, development, and vulnerability. Unlike adult criminal systems, juvenile justice emphasizes rehabilitation, reintegration, and the best interests of the child which is the one of the main principles of Convention on the Rights of Child. This paper focuses on the relationship between juvenile justice systems and the protection and promotion of children's rights, highlighting the characteristics of juvenile justice system, national sources of juvenile criminal law in North Macedonia with special emphasis to Child Justice Law, international sources especially documents of United Nations, European Union and Council of Europe. On the on the hand in the scope of this work, one of the key parts is the concept of “child in risk”- which is an important part of understanding the theoretical framework of juvenile delinquency as well. The relevant provisions from the law about the child in conflict with law are analyzed to identify the sanctions prescribed for children under these legal frameworks, as well as to determine the age of criminal responsibility established in each country. The paper highlights the significance of aligning national legislative provisions with international human rights norms. Strengthening child-sensitive practices, investing in community-based alternatives, and promoting the concept of restorative justice are all highlighted as best practices for the protection of children’s rights. Ultimately, a rights-based juvenile justice system serves to protect individual children, but at the same time, it contributes to social inclusion, reducing recidivism, and enhancing community safety.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19369210

Effect Of Circadian Rhythm On Speed And Strength Of Adult Cricket Players

Authors: Mr Vaibhav Daipuria

Abstract: The present study investigated the effect of circadian rhythm on speed and strength among adult cricket players of Chambal Division. A total of 20 male district-level players aged 18 ± 3 years were selected through purposive sampling. Speed was measured using a 50-meter sprint test and strength using a handgrip dynamometer at three different times of the day: morning, afternoon, and evening. The results showed that speed performance improved from morning (M = 7.25, SD = 0.30) to evening (M = 6.90, SD = 0.25), while strength increased from morning (M = 42.5, SD = 4.2) to evening (M = 46.8, SD = 4.0). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant effect of time of day on speed, F(2, 38) = 15.62, p < .001, and strength, F(2, 38) = 18.45, p < .001. Multivariate analysis using Wilks’ Lambda also indicated significant differences. The study concludes that circadian rhythm significantly influences performance, with peak speed and strength observed in the evening, suggesting that training schedules should align with optimal biological timing for enhanced performance.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19369219

Assessing Urban Women’s Perception Of The Credibility Of Health Information Shared On Social Media Platforms

Authors: Miss. Sushma Pawar, Prof. Onkaragouda Kakade

Abstract: In recent years, social media has emerged as a significant source of health-related information among urban women, providing rapid and convenient access to a wide range of content through platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and YouTube. Despite its accessibility and popularity, the credibility of such information remains a critical concern due to the prevalence of misinformation, underlying commercial interests, and the lack of verification by qualified health professionals. This study aims to examine urban women’s perceptions regarding the credibility of health information disseminated through social media platforms. Specifically, it seeks to analyze the influence of demographic variables such as age and educational background on credibility perception; to identify the criteria employed by urban women in assessing the trustworthiness of health-related content; to determine the most trusted social media platforms for obtaining health information; to evaluate the role of source authority—particularly the distinction between healthcare professionals and social media influencers—in shaping perceived credibility; and to assess the impact of misinformation and conflicting content on users’ trust. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study. Primary data were collected through an online survey administered using a structured questionnaire. A total of 160 respondents were randomly selected from urban areas to gather insights into their social media usage patterns, trust determinants, and perceptions regarding the credibility of health information.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19369236

Savitribai Phules Social Justice Vision As A Critical Lens For The NEP 2020s Treatment Of Dalit Women

Authors: Supriti Maji, Sk Sabiqul Islam

Abstract: This article offers a critical examination of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, employing the philosophical framework of Savitribai Phule, India's first female educator and a trailblazer in anti-caste social reform. Although the NEP 2020 is often praised for its progressive rhetoric concerning inclusivity and adaptability, this analysis posits that a Phulean perspective highlights a notable divergence between the policy's universalist language and the specific, intersectional realities of Dalit women. The study assesses the policy's limitations by revisiting Phule's foundational ideas, which emphasize the importance of community-based activism, the value of indigenous critique, and education as a tool for liberation from caste and patriarchal structures. The three main areas of failure are the "knowledge caste system" that still exists because of hierarchical school boards, the removal of anti-caste historiography from curriculum frameworks, and the fact that gender-neutral provisions are not enough to help Dalit women who are doubly marginalised. The article looks more closely at the policy's decentralisation processes and how it treats language. It also finds other levels of exclusion. It concludes by advocating for an educational framework that surpasses superficial inclusion, favouring a transformative, Phulean model of social justice grounded in intersectional resource allocation, narrative control, and community accountability.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19386521

Pedagogical Challenges In Teaching English To Arts And Commerce Students In Gujarat’s Tribal Colleges

Authors: Shital Goswami, Dr. Chetan Mewada

Abstract: This research paper examines the pedagogical challenges faced by educators in teaching English to Arts and Commerce students in Gujarat's tribal colleges. The study highlights various socio-cultural and linguistic barriers that hinder effective language learning, particularly in the context of tribal communities. Additionally, it explores the institutional and resource constraints, including inadequate infrastructure and teaching materials, that further complicate the learning process. The paper critically analyzes existing pedagogical approaches and classroom practices, identifying their limitations and suggesting strategies for improvement. Through this analysis, the study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the unique challenges faced by students and educators alike, offering insights into enhancing English language education in tribal colleges. The research emphasizes the need for tailored teaching methods that consider the socio-cultural realities of the students and advocates for better institutional support and resources to bridge the gap in education.

Design And Evaluation Of High-Mobility Tennis Apparel For Enhanced Athlete Biomechanics

Authors: Puvzhiarasi.M, Divya Raghunandhanan.R

Abstract: This research examines the vital convergence of textile engineering and kinematic efficiency in professional tennis apparel. Conventional sportswear typically emphasizes moisture management but often neglects how fabric resistance and seam positioning can hinder high-speed, multi-directional movements, such as the overhead serve and lateral defensive slides. The primary focus of this study is on designing a tennis skirt suitable for all body types, ensuring that players remain comfortable during gameplay without being distracted by an uncomfortable skirt. The contemporary design of tennis skirts has progressed into a refined blend of aerodynamic performance and high-fashion aesthetics, employing various silhouettes to accommodate different playing styles and body shapes. This design emphasizes the intersection of high-intensity athletic movement and textile durability.

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A Comparative Analysis Of Plant Species Richness And Diversity In Managed Versus Unmanaged Urban Green Spaces In Botanical Gardens And In Abandoned Lots Of Lusaka, Zambia

Authors: Mapulanga Emmanuel, Dr. Sumathi.K Sripathi

Abstract: Urban green spaces are increasingly recognised as critical reservoirs of plant biodiversity in rapidly growing cities of sub-Saharan Africa, yet comparative data on species richness and community composition across contrasting management types remain scarce for Central African cities. This study presents findings from a quantitative comparative analysis of plant species richness and diversity in managed and unmanaged urban green spaces in Lusaka, Zambia. Using a stratified random sampling design, a total of 60 vegetation quadrats (10 m by 10 m) were surveyed across two contrasting site categories: the formally managed Lusaka Botanic Garden in Longacres (n = 30 plots distributed across three management zone strata) and abandoned lots in three residential townships, namely Kalingalinga, Chilenje, and Matero (n = 10 plots per township). A structured questionnaire was administered to 35 respondents comprising garden management staff (Version A, n = 21) and lot occupants or owners (Version B, n = 14). Botanical garden plots recorded a significantly higher mean species richness of 20.9 species per plot (SD = 3.87) compared with 14.4 species per plot (SD = 1.87) in abandoned lots (Welch t-test: t(58) = 5.21, p < 0.001). Across both site types, 269 unique vascular plant taxa were recorded from 84 families. The botanical garden harboured a higher proportion of exotic and cultivated species (58.3 percent) while abandoned lots contained a significantly larger proportion of native Zambian plant species (67.9 percent). Shannon diversity indices were significantly higher in botanical garden plots (mean H' = 2.70, SD = 0.15) than in abandoned lots (mean H' = 2.21, SD = 0.13). Non-metric multidimensional scaling and PERMANOVA confirmed highly significant compositional differentiation between the two space types (R² = 0.310, F = 26.4, p = 0.001). Questionnaire data revealed that 85.7 percent of garden staff perceived funding constraints as limiting management intensity, and 71.4 percent of lot occupants expressed willingness to participate in community-led conservation programmes. The findings highlight that both managed and unmanaged urban green spaces in Lusaka contribute complementary and non-redundant plant diversity values, and that conservation policy must recognise both categories as components of an integrated urban biodiversity strategy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19387578

A Study on the Impact of Physics Education Technology (Phet) Simulations on Physics Education in Zambian Secondary Schools

Authors: Obby Makondo, Dr. Sumathi. K. Sripathi

Abstract: This mixed-methods quasi-experimental study evaluated the impact of Physics Education Technology (PhET) interactive simulations on Grade 11 students' conceptual understanding and engagement in Zambian secondary schools, addressing a critical gap in STEM education within resource-constrained environments characterized by high student-to-teacher ratios and limited laboratory infrastructure. Conducted over four weeks across four government secondary schools— Nelson Mandela and Kafue Day (urban), and Feira and Nyangwena Combined (rural)—the study involved 120 students and 8 physics teachers using a pre-test/post-test non-equivalent control group design. The experimental group (n=60), taught via PhET simulations integrated through a Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) framework, achieved a post-test mean score of 78.5%, significantly outperforming the control group's 59.8% with a remarkably large Cohen's d effect size of 1.76 (p < 0.001). Qualitative data from interviews and observations revealed that simulations made "invisible" concepts like electron flow and magnetic flux visible, while teachers demonstrated "Contextual TPACK" by successfully navigating technical barriers such as a 1:15 laptop-to-student ratio and national load-shedding through offline deployment and collaborative "Inquiry Circles." The study further revealed that rural students achieved nearly identical learning gains to their urban counterparts (+43.8% vs +44.5%), suggesting that PhET simulations act as a "great equalizer" in contexts where physical laboratories are absent. Thematic analysis of teacher interviews identified three key adaptation strategies: resource resilience through collaborative learning, technical agency through offline repositories, and a fundamental pedagogical shift from "lecturer" to "facilitator." The study concludes that PhET simulations, when embedded within a structured inquiry framework, are a powerful, cost-effective tool for bridging the gap between abstract theory and practical understanding in developing world classrooms. Recommendations include the national scale-up of offline digital repositories, integration of simulation-based inquiry into the national syllabus, specialized teacher training in Contextual TPACK, and revision of examination formats to assess conceptual application rather than factual recall. This research contributes empirical evidence to the limited body of literature on ICT integration in Sub-Saharan African secondary education and provides a replicable model for technology-enhanced science instruction in resource-constrained settings.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19398317

Effect Of Strength Training On Physiological Variables In Hockey Players

Authors: Ravi Pal, Dr. Mahendra Pratap Gaur, Dr. Rakesh Kumar, Dr. Pardeep Kumar

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of strength training on selected physiological variables in male field hockey players. A group of 30 university-level hockey players were purposely selected from the Jiwaji University Gwalior with aged range between 18 to 24 years were gone through an 8-week strength training program (thrice in a week). Physiological variables measured included muscular strength, VO₂ max, body composition, and anaerobic power. Pre- and post-training assessments were analyzed using paired T-tests. Results indicated significant improvements in muscular strength, VO₂ max, and anaerobic power, with a decrease in body fat percentage. The study concludes that strength training can be a vital component in enhancing physiological performance in hockey players.

India As A Rule-Shaper: A Study Of Its Role In Global Governance Through The G20

Authors: Dr. S. Jameela

Abstract: India has increasingly emerged as an active contributor to global decision-making, particularly through its participation in the G20. This paper looks at how India has moved from simply following international norms to taking part in shaping them. During this period, India drew attention to sustainable growth, digital innovation, fair climate action, and better representation for developing nations. It also encouraged discussions on debt relief, clean energy, and reforming global institutions. India has increasingly emerged as a proactive contributor to global decision-making, particularly through its engagement with the G20. This paper examines India’s transition from being a rule-taker in the international system to becoming an influential rule-shaper in global governance. The study focuses on India’s G20 Presidency in 2023, guided by the theme “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam – One Earth, One Family, One Future.” Through this presidency, India foregrounded inclusive development, digital public infrastructure, equitable climate action, and enhanced representation for developing countries. The paper argues that India used the G20 not merely as a platform for participation, but as a strategic space to reshape global norms, priorities, and institutional discourses. By analysing official declarations, policy initiatives, and comparative leadership approaches, the study evaluates the broader implications of India’s G20 leadership for the future of multilateral governance.

Impact Of Evolving Technology On Literature

Authors: Ms. Rekha Dixit

Abstract: Living in 21st century, we are witnessing rapidly evolving technology. It is occupying the pivotal place in the lives of the people. Every new day some new technology might be introduced so remaining intact is impossible today. The technological advancement is affecting the scenario of the whole world. New trends in technology are shaping the future of the generation. In such an expeditious time literature cannot remain unaffected. Literature is said to be the mirror of the society, it displays the impressions of technology on it. But at present sometimes it appears that it is not completely successful to cope up with the rapid technological advancement. Some most advanced relevant technologies that are showing their effects on the literature of the time can be counted Generative AI, Virtual reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) Voice-Activated Technology, Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) Synthetic Media, and Advanced Robotics. Literature is one of the oldest methods of recreation and production of creativity. In twentieth century film and media also become part of literature. In twenty first century, social media has begun to play role in shaping literature. Now the advancement of technology are influencing the literature and compelling to broaden the scope and redefining the literary perspective. These technological advancements are producing some challenges as well as have many possibility of literary advancement. The use of evolving technology in the field of literature is paving the path of experiment to make literature suitable according to the need of the time. It is well known that whatever does not change with time ceases to exist. Therefore acceptance of technology in literature is necessary though there are some challenges in doing so. A balanced and compatible development of literature with technology is need of the age.

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आधुनिक ग्राम पंचायत: संभावनाएँ एवं चुनौतियाँ

Authors: प्रशांत कुमार शोधार्थी

Abstract: ग्राम पंचायत की अवधारणा प्राचीन काल से ही विकसित होती रही है। चोल साम्राज्य को स्थानीय स्वशासन की विशिष्ट व्यवस्था के रूप में जाना जाता है, जिसे ग्राम पंचायत प्रणाली का प्रारम्भिक आधार माना जाता है। मध्यकाल से आधुनिक काल तक आते-आते राष्ट्रपिता महात्मा गांधी के ग्राम स्वराज के सपनों को साकार करने हेतु भारतीय संविधान में राज्य के नीति-निदेशक तत्वों के अंतर्गत पंचायत व्यवस्था का प्रावधान किया गया, क्योंकि लोकतंत्र का मूल आधार स्थानीय स्वशासन ही है। ग्राम पंचायत लोकतांत्रिक विकेन्द्रीकरण को सुदृढ़ करने के साथ-साथ नागरिकों की राजनीतिक, सामाजिक, आर्थिक तथा प्रशासनिक भागीदारी सुनिश्चित करती है। आधुनिक ग्राम पंचायतों के समक्ष अनेक संभावनाओं के साथ विभिन्न प्रकार की चुनौतियाँ भी विद्यमान हैं, जैसे— जनभागीदारी की कमी, प्रशासनिक जागरूकता एवं कार्यकुशलता का अभाव, प्रशिक्षित प्रतिनिधियों एवं कर्मचारियों की कमी, वित्तीय संसाधनों का अभाव तथा निर्भरता की समस्या। इन कारणों से निर्धारित लक्ष्यों की प्राप्ति एवं योजनाओं के प्रभावी क्रियान्वयन में कठिनाइयों का सामना करना पड़ता है।

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19449579

21वीं सदी में भारतीय सामाजिक संरचना पर वैश्वीकरण एवं डिजिटलीकरण के प्रभाव: एक समाजशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण

Authors: डॉ बबिता

Abstract: 21वीं सदी में वैश्वीकरण और डिजिटलीकरण ने भारतीय सामाजिक संरचना में व्यापक एवं तीव्र गति से परिवर्तन कर रहा है । जिससे भारत जैसे विविधतापूर्ण समाज (बहु-संस्कृतियों) में सांस्कृतिक- मूल्यों, शिक्षा, आर्थिक अवसर, परिवार, विवाह, धर्म एवं सामाजिक संबंधों में तेजी से बदलाव हो रहा है। वैश्वीकरण एवं डिजिटलीकरण ने विश्व को एक ‘वैश्विक गांव’ में बदल दिया है। वर्तमान भारत की सामाजिक संरचना में इन प्रक्रियाओं ने संयुक्त परिवार को एकल परिवार में तीव्र रूप से वृद्धि किया है। जनगणना 2011 में एकल परिवारों की संख्या 51.7% से 52.01% रही, जो एकल परिवारों की वृद्धि को दर्शाता है। जातिगत बंधन ढीले पड़ रहे हैं। यह परिवर्तन व्यक्तिवाद, उपभोक्तावाद, डिजिटल साक्षरता और शहरीकरण को बढ़ावा दे रहा है, लेकिन साथ ही डिजिटल विभाजन, मानसिक तनाव, सांस्कृतिक समरूपता और ग्रामीण-शहरी असमानता जैसी चुनौतियां भी उत्पन्न कर रहा है। भारत में 1991 ई. के आर्थिक उदारीकरण के बाद वैश्वीकरण की प्रक्रिया तेज हुई है। इसके साथ इंटरनेट, स्मार्टफोन और डिजिटल प्लेटफार्म के प्रसार ने समाज के विविध क्षेत्रों में महत्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन हुए है। यह शोध पत्र द्वितीय स्रोतों जैसे पुस्तकें, शोध पत्र, सरकारी रिपोर्ट और डिजिटल डाटा पर आधारित है। इस शोध -पत्र का मुख्य उद्देश्य भारतीय सामाजिक संरचना पर वैश्वीकरण और डिजिटलीकरण के प्रभाव का समाजशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण करना है।

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19449703

वर्तमान परिदृश्य में संघवाद का टकराव

Authors: राहुल कुमार, डॉ. राकेश कुमार जायसवाल

Abstract: शासन की दो प्रमुख प्रणालियाँ प्रचलित हैं— एकात्मक शासन तथा संघात्मक शासन। इनका वर्गीकरण शक्तियों के केन्द्र और राज्यों के मध्य विभाजन के आधार पर किया जाता है। भारतीय संविधान में संघात्मक शासन प्रणाली को अपनाया गया है, यद्यपि यह पूर्णतः आदर्श संघवाद का रूप नहीं है। भारतीय संविधान में केन्द्र सरकार को अपेक्षाकृत अधिक शक्तियाँ प्रदान की गई हैं, साथ ही राज्यों को भी पर्याप्त अधिकार दिए गए हैं। वर्तमान समय में केन्द्र एवं राज्यों के मध्य अधिकारों के प्रयोग तथा उनके अतिक्रमण को लेकर टकराव की स्थिति उभरती दिखाई दे रही है। इसका प्रमुख कारण संसाधनों एवं शक्तियों के वितरण को लेकर उत्पन्न मतभेद हैं। राज्य सरकारें यह आरोप लगाती रही हैं कि केन्द्र सरकार उनके स्वायत्त अधिकार क्षेत्र में हस्तक्षेप कर रही है, जबकि केन्द्र सरकार राष्ट्रीय हित एवं राष्ट्रीय योजनाओं को प्राथमिकता देते हुए अपने दायित्वों का निर्वहन करने का पक्ष प्रस्तुत करती है। विशेष रूप से वस्तु एवं सेवा कर (GST) प्रणाली लागू होने के पश्चात अनेक राज्यों द्वारा वित्तीय स्वायत्तता में कमी के आरोप लगाए गए हैं। इसी प्रकार, वर्तमान परिदृश्य में राज्यपाल की भूमिका को लेकर भी कई राज्यों ने प्रश्न उठाए हैं। आरोप लगाया जाता है कि राज्यपाल केन्द्र सरकार के प्रभाव में कार्य कर रहे हैं। कुछ राज्यों के मुख्यमंत्रियों द्वारा राज्यपाल के अभिभाषण के कुछ अंशों को न पढ़ने जैसे विवाद भी सामने आए हैं। विभिन्न राजनीतिक दलों की विचारधारात्मक भिन्नता के कारण केन्द्र-राज्य संबंधों में तनाव की स्थिति दिखाई देती है, जिसका प्रभाव प्रशासनिक व्यवस्था पर भी पड़ता है। कुछ राज्यों द्वारा केन्द्रीय एजेंसियों के दुरुपयोग के आरोप भी लगाए गए हैं। भारतीय संघवाद की मूल विशेषता सहकारी संघवाद है, जिसमें केन्द्र और राज्यों के बीच समन्वय, संवाद तथा सहयोग आवश्यक माना गया है। वर्तमान चुनौतियों के समाधान हेतु केन्द्र एवं राज्य सरकारों को बेहतर संवाद, पारस्परिक सहयोग तथा संवैधानिक मूल्यों के पालन के माध्यम से संघीय व्यवस्था को सुदृढ़ बनाना चाहिए। इससे केन्द्र-राज्य संबंधों में संतुलन स्थापित होगा तथा लोकतांत्रिक शासन प्रणाली अधिक प्रभावी एवं स्थिर बन सकेगी।

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19449737

आज के सामाजिक परिवेश में डिजिटल बाल साहित्य की अवधारणा

Authors: अर्चना तिवारी, डॉ. वंदना

Abstract: डिजिटल बाल साहित्य से आशय उस साहित्यिक सामग्री से है, जो बच्चों के लिए डिजिटल माध्यमों के द्वारा सृजित, प्रकाशित एवं प्रसारित की जाती है। इसमें ई-पुस्तकें, ऑनलाइन कहानियाँ, डिजिटल पत्रिकाएँ, शैक्षिक वेबसाइटें, मोबाइल एप्लिकेशन, श्रव्य-दृश्य कथाएँ, एनिमेटेड कहानियां तथा संवादात्मक कथानक सम्मिलित होते हैं। जो प्रबुद्ध जन के साथ-साथ बाल मन को भी आकर्षित करते है। यह शोध पत्र समाजिक परिवेश में डिजिटल बाल साहित्य की भूमिका का विश्लेषण करता है।इस अध्ययन का केन्द्र विन्दु डिजिटल बाल साहित्य है। आज के सामाजिक परिवेश मे डिजिटल साधनो ने तीव्र गति से बाल पाठक को अपनी तरफ आकर्षित किया है। आज कल बच्चे किताबो, पत्र -पत्रिकाओं के लिखित संस्करण को छोडकर उसके इलेक्ट्रानिक रूपांतरण की तरफ आकर्षित हो रहे हैं। डिजिटल बाल साहित्य दृश्य-श्रव्य तत्वों से युक्त एक नवीन साहित्यिक अभिव्यक्ति है,जो वर्तमान समय में बच्चो की बदलती रुचियो और जिज्ञासाओं के अनुरूप विकसित हो रहा है। इस शोध पत्र का व्यापक उद्देश्य इस विन्दु का विश्लेषण करना है कि किस प्रकार डिजिटल बाल साहित्य बच्चों के समाजिक परिवेश, नैतिक एवं सामाजिक,सांस्कृतिक मूल्यों को विकसित करने में सक्रिय है या फिर केवल वाह्य रूप से उनका मनोरंजन करने में सहायक है। आज चका-चौध की रंगीन दुनियां में बच्चे किताबो को छोड़कर मोबाइल इन्टरनेट , ई. बुक, वेबसाइट और एप्स की तरफ आकर्षित हो रहे है । साहित्य केवल पाठ्य पुस्तको तक ही सीमित नहीं रहा बल्कि चित्र, ध्वनि, श्रव्य-दृश्य साधनो आदि के माध्यम से बच्चों के भावात्मक, बौद्धिक एवं नैतिक विकास में सहायक बना है। विभिन्न प्रकार के डिजिटल मंचों पर उपलब्ध कथाएँ बच्चो को विविध समाजिक अनुभवों, मूल्यों और सामाजिक समस्याओं से परिचित कराती है। यह शोध इस तथ्य का प्रतिपादन करता है कि डिजिटल बाल साहित्य आज के सामाजिक परिवेश में केवल मनोरंजन का साधन न रहकर व्यवहारिक रूप से आने वाली पीढ़ी में सामाजिक चेतना एवं मूल्यबोध के विकास का एक प्रभावशाली माध्यम है।

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19449794

The Impact of Generative Ai on Consumer Interaction Metrics

Authors: H.P.Lingesh, Guganesh M, Jyothi Lakshmi, Abinash, N.Naveen kanna

Abstract: The rapid integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has fundamentally transformed consumer-brand engagement, marking a transition from traditional, rule-based systems to the era of Agentic AI. Unlike predecessors characterized by rigid logic, Agentic AI consists of autonomous systems capable of performing complex multi-step tasks, maintaining contextual persistence, and generating high-fidelity content in real-time. This study analyzes how GenAI affects core performance indicators—specifically Average Handle Time (AHT), First Contact Resolution (FCR), and Customer Satisfaction (CSAT)—to evaluate whether operational efficiency translates into long-term brand equity and sustainable consumer relationships.Utilizing a mixed-methods research design, the study investigates the "Trust Paradox"—the tension between hyper-personalized convenience and rising anxieties regarding data privacy and the loss of human empathy. Findings indicate that while GenAI facilitates instantaneous query resolution, its success depends on the "Authenticity Metric," as consumers are increasingly sensitive to the "Uncanny Valley" of AI interaction. The research concludes that the future of consumer interaction lies in Human-AI Synergy (HITL) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), advocating for a shift in corporate KPIs toward "Value-Per-Interaction" (VPI) to maintain the most valuable metric in an AI-mediated economy: human trust.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19441786

A Study on Consumer Perception of Sustainability in Branding Strategies

Authors: Srinidhi S ,Sarath Daniel S, Pujaa Sri M.S, Tharun, Shafiq Ahmad, Sarath Daniel S, Dr J.Salomi Backia Jothi

Abstract: This study examines consumer perception of sustainability in branding strategies in the contemporary business environment. With increasing awareness of climate change, environmental degradation, and ethical consumption, sustainability has become a key factor influencing consumer behavior and brand positioning. The research aims to understand how consumers perceive sustainability initiatives and how these perceptions affect brand trust, purchase decisions, and loyalty.A descriptive and analytical research methodology is adopted, using primary data collected through structured questionnaires along with secondary data from academic sources. The findings indicate that consumers perceive sustainable brands as more responsible, ethical, and trustworthy. Practices such as eco-friendly packaging, ethical sourcing, and corporate social responsibility significantly enhance brand image and consumer preference

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19442536

A Study on The Influence of Reels and Shorts on The Development of Digital Marketing Strategies

Authors: S.Andrrel, G.Harish Ragavendar, R. Krithik Roshan, Kamalesh, Jagadesh, Dr. V. Shruthi

Abstract: The evolution of digital technologies has significantly reshaped the marketing landscape, introducing innovative tools and strategies that enhance consumer engagement and brand communication. Among these advancements, short-form video content—particularly Instagram Reels and YouTube Shorts—has emerged as a dominant force in digital marketing. This study examines the influence of these platforms on the development and transformation of digital marketing strategies. By analyzing secondary data from existing literature, the research highlights how short-form videos contribute to increased engagement, wider reach, and cost-effective promotion. The study also explores the role of algorithms, influencer marketing, and mobile accessibility in shaping marketing outcomes. Additionally, it identifies challenges such as content saturation, algorithm dependency, and the demand for continuous creativity. The findings suggest that short-form video content is not only a trend but a fundamental shift in marketing communication, requiring businesses to adapt their strategies to remain competitive in the digital era

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19442851

Development Of Eco-Friendly Fabric Using Banana Fiber And Cotton Yarn.

Authors: Vedha Valli S, Dr P Nithya

Abstract: This study develops eco-friendly fabrics using banana fiber blended with cotton yarn, utilizing banana pseudostem waste as a renewable textile resource. Today utility of natural fibres is increasing at a global level due to the growing concern on the environment. Manufacturing synthetic fibres from petroleum based products are found to be harmful, non-biodegradable and consume more energy [1]. Banana fiber, known for its strength, moisture absorbency, and biodegradability, was extracted, softened, and degummed to enhance spinnability and fabric performance. The study encompassed various stages of textile production, including fiber processing, yarn spinning, fabric construction, and finishing techniques, to develop sustainable banana-cotton blended fabrics. The developed banana-cotton blended fabrics exhibited satisfactory strength, breathability, and comfort, with a reduced environmental footprint compared to conventional textiles. The findings highlight banana fiber's potential as a sustainable alternative raw material, supporting agricultural waste utilization, rural livelihood generation, and circular economy principles. The blended fabrics are suitable for apparel and home textile applications, contributing to eco-friendly textile innovations.

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An Analysis Of Work Life Balance In The Corporate Sector Among It Employees In Chennai City

Authors: Ms. D Thayuma, Mr. Aadithya, Mr. Ellancheral, Mr. Jayasurya, Mr.Dinesh, Dr. Priyadharshini

Abstract: Work-life balance has emerged as a critical concern in the modern corporate environment, particularly within the Information Technology (IT) sector, which is characterized by demanding work schedules, high performance expectations, and rapid technological changes. This study, titled “An Analysis of Work-Life Balance in the Corporate Sector among IT Employees in Chennai City,” aims to examine the extent to which IT professionals are able to maintain a balance between their professional responsibilities and personal lives. The research focuses on identifying key factors influencing work-life balance, including working hours, workload, job stress, organizational support, and flexible work arrangements.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19450719

A Study On Customer Behavior Towards Online Banking In Public Sector

Authors: D. Soniya, B. Niranjana Kumari, B. Aarthi, R. Saisaran, G.Dinesh, Dr.S. Kannanmudaiyar

Abstract: The practice of conducting transactions via online banking has emerged in recent times as an indispensable component of the financial system. In this study, customer attitudes towards various digital offerings made available by the public sector banks in Chennai have been investigated. The study highlights various aspects that influence customer attitudes such as user-friendliness, safety, and convenience. The study adopted a descriptive research methodology with the help of which primary data collected from 60 participants via the use of structured questionnaires has been analyzed using statistical tools such as percentage analysis and Chi-Square test. The findings of the study reveal that although customer adoption rates for ATM and UPI transactions are relatively high, customer apprehensions about technical glitches and security breaches remain. Recommendations have been provided for banks to overcome the issues identified.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19450990

Contours Of English Pedagogy

Authors: Yamini Saini

Abstract: English language education in India functions as both an academic prerequisite and a powerful instrument of socioeconomic advancement. This study undertakes an empirical exploration of teaching and learning practices in ten schools across Jammu and Kashmir, employing a mixed‑methods framework that integrates surveys, interviews, and classroom observations. The findings reveal that English is profoundly valued by students, teachers, and parents; however, pedagogical implementation is beset by persistent challenges. These include an over‑reliance on rote‑based instruction, limited exposure to authentic conversational practice, intense social pressures to perform flawlessly, and recurrent learner difficulties such as grammatical inaccuracy, pronunciation impediments, and deficient fluency. The study underscores the imperative of communicative pedagogy, learner‑centered approaches, and supportive classroom ecologies to mitigate both affective and structural barriers. It further argues that fostering English proficiency must be delicately balanced with respect for local languages and cultural identity, thereby facilitating holistic linguistic development in an increasingly interconnected world.

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A Study on The Effectiveness of Training And Development Programs on Employee Performance

Authors: Dr.K.Srinivasan, Swetha K, Dharun P, Sowgan S

Abstract: Training and development programs have become essential components of modern organizational strategies aimed at improving employee performance and productivity. In today’s dynamic and competitive business environment, organizations must continuously upgrade the skills and competencies of their workforce to remain effective and sustainable. This study examines the effectiveness of training and development programs in enhancing employee performance, focusing on skill improvement, job efficiency, and overall productivity. The research is based on secondary data collected from academic journals, research articles, and industry reports. The study analyzes how structured training initiatives influence employee behavior, motivation, and performance outcomes. It also highlights the role of continuous learning, technological advancements, and employee engagement in shaping effective training systems.The findings indicate that training programs significantly improve employee knowledge, confidence, and work efficiency. Furthermore, effective training contributes to better teamwork, communication, and job satisfaction. However, challenges such as inadequate training design, lack of evaluation mechanisms, and resistance to change may affect program effectiveness.The study concludes that well-designed and strategically implemented training and development programs play a crucial role in enhancing employee performance and achieving organizational goals.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19457645

The Effect of Exchange Rate Fluctuation on Agricultural and Manufacturing Export in Nigeria

Authors: Haruna Jane Azume, Ajidani Moses Sabo

Abstract: This study investigated the effect of exchange rate fluctuation on agricultural and manufacturing export in Nigeria from 1984 to 2021. Using annual data on agricultural export volume (AEV), manufacturing export volume (MEV), official exchange rate (OER), relative export prices, government expenditures, net domestic credit and interest rates, the study employed the Toda–Yamamoto modified Granger causality approach within a Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework to capture both short- and long-run dynamics for variables of mixed integration orders. The results indicated that exchange rate fluctuation have a significant positive effect on agricultural exports, enhancing international price competitiveness while manufacturing exports are largely unresponsive due to structural constraints and capacity limitations. Causality analysis revealed no uni-directional or bi-directional causal relationship between agricultural and manufacturing export in Nigeria. This suggests sectorial independence and limited inter-sectorial spillovers. Forecast error variance decomposition showed that agricultural export is substantially influenced by exchange rate whereas manufacturing export variance is predominantly explained by its own innovations. These findings highlight the importance of stable and competitive exchange rate policies complemented by sector-specific interventions and structural reforms to stimulate sustainable export growth. Policy recommendations include improving agricultural infrastructure, enhancing manufacturing capacity, promoting export diversification and aligning macroeconomic management with sectorial development objectives.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19460713

Customers’ Perception On Digital Banking Activities And Affecting Factors: A Study In The Banking Context Of India

Authors: Dr. Thokala Vijayakumar

Abstract: These days we live in a way where digital banking has become part of our daily life. Plus, it is a powerful way and the most sustainable means to delivering customer value. With a lot of focus is on becoming competitive in the just as highly regulated banking sector, every bank seeks to excel n delivering customer satisfaction. Digital technologies have advanced at a rapid pace in India and banks, financial institutions are gearing towards rendering support for digital banking services, which has facilitated them to be innovative. Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore customers’ perception of digital banking activities and determine the drivers that influence acceptance and usage of these activities in the Indian banking space. In fact, partnered with a structured questionnaire survey from 80 respondents drawn across different demographic background. It used multiple regression to see how different variables like our assassinations, the Vietnam War, civil unrest etc. affected ops metrics.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19467922

Consumer Behaviour In The Era Of Digital Advertising

Authors: Dr. M.D.Chinnu, Abinesh J

Abstract: The rapid growth of digital advertising has significantly transformed consumer behavior in contemporary markets. Consumers are increasingly exposed to personalized, data-driven, and interactive advertisements across multiple digital platforms. This shift has influenced how consumers perceive brands, evaluate products, and make purchase decisions. Digital advertising tools such as social media marketing, influencer promotions, and targeted ads play a crucial role in shaping consumer preferences and attitudes. The availability of online reviews and real-time information has empowered consumers to make more informed choices. However, concerns related to privacy, data security, and advertisement overload also affect consumer trust and engagement. This study examines the key factors influencing consumer behavior in the era of digital advertising. It also analyses the impact of personalization and digital engagement on buying decisions. The research aims to provide insights into evolving consumer responses to digital marketing strategies. The findings may help marketers design more ethical and effective digital advertising campaigns.

Opportunities And Implementation Challenges Of The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 In Higher Education

Authors: Shivam Rai

Abstract: The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) is a reform of Indian education since independence, aimed at transforming higher education through multidisciplinary education, flexible access and exit, integration of research, and digital innovation. It is a plan to increase the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education, currently about 2628 per cent (20182020) to 50 per cent by 2035, and to reform a huge system of over a thousand universities and approximately forty thousand colleges into a smaller number of better-resourced multidisciplinary institutions. The paper explores opportunities generated and the challenges faced in the early years of NEP 2020 based on a qualitative, multi-institutional study of four contrasting universities, the University of Delhi (DU), the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bengaluru, Azim Premji University (APU) Bengaluru, and Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) New Delhi. As the analysis reveals, NEP 2020 creates actual opportunities in the areas of curricular diversification, undergraduate research, and individualised learning tracks, especially in the context in which the institutional resources, faculty readiness, and organisational culture are aligned with the vision of the policy. Meanwhile, the research reveals systemic tendencies of symbolic compliance in resource-restricted contexts where there is no substantive shift in teaching-learning practices as a result of formal programme restructuring. Lack of faculty training, disparate digital and physical infrastructure, and lack of mechanisms that support equity in connection to flexible exit options all become bottlenecks. The paper states that the transformative potential of NEP 2020 can only become a reality through systematic investment in faculty development, differentiated investment to disadvantaged institutions, more explicit implementation guidelines, and effective support systems that can ensure flexibility is empowering to all students. It finds that the policy is a valuable commitment to young people in India, although the implementation of such a promise is reliant on the resolution of fundamental structural and cultural limitations in the higher education system.

The Influence of Gender Stereotypes and Church Teachings on Women’s Ascension to Educational Leadership in Selected Secondary Schools in Lusaka, Zambia

Authors: Hellen Chisanga

Abstract: This study will examine the influence of cultural and religious perspectives on women's ascension to educational leadership in randomly selected schools in Lusaka. Gender stereotypes and biblical teachings can perpetuate patriarchal attitudes, limiting women's opportunities for decision-making positions. This study will investigate how these perspectives shape women's experiences and opportunities for leadership. It will use a mixed-method approach, combining surveys and interviews to gather data from female educators, school administrators, and church leaders. The research will explore how gender stereotypes and biblical teachings influence perceptions of women's leadership abilities and opportunities through a qualitative approach. The study aims to identify the ways in which cultural and religious perceptions intersect with educational leadership. Its findings will promote greater inclusivity and diversity in educational leadership, contributing to a more equitable and just educational system. By exploring women's experiences in leadership, this study seeks to challenge and weaken patriarchal attitudes, thereby fostering a more supportive environment for women.

DOI: http://doi.org/

School Head Teachers’ Experience in Managing Free Education Grants in Public Secondary Schools in Senga Hill District

Authors: Mantabe Choongo

Abstract: The introduction of Free Education Grants (FEGs) in Zambia in 2022 marked a major policy shift aimed at reducing barriers to access and improving the quality of education in public schools. However, the effectiveness of the policy largely depends on how grants are managed at the school level. This study explored the experiences of head teachers in managing Free Education Grants in public secondary schools in Senga Hill District. This study consisted of 70 participants drawn from the public secondary schools of Senga Hill District, comprising 10 head teachers, 5 deputy head teachers, and 55 classroom teachers. Findings revealed that while Free Education Grants have significantly improved access and eased the financial burden on parents, their management poses critical challenges. Key issues identified include delays in disbursement, inadequate financial management skills among administrators, weak monitoring and accountability structures, and insufficient training in grant utilization. Head teachers reported increased administrative workload, which at times conflicted with their instructional leadership roles. Despite these constraints, strategies such as community involvement, transparent record keeping, and improvisation in resource allocation were employed to mitigate challenges. The perceived impact of grants was largely positive in terms of improving school operations and access, though limitations in infrastructure development and quality enhancement were evident. The study recommends capacity-building programs for head teachers in financial management, timely and predictable release of grants, and strengthening participatory governance structures to enhance transparency and accountability. It further suggests that policymakers provide digital financial management tools and conduct regular audits to ensure effective utilization of funds. These measures would not only improve the sustainability of Free Education Grants but also reinforce their intended impact on educational equity and quality.

DOI: http://doi.org/

An Investigation of Factors Contributing to Pupils’ Poor Performance in Civic Education in Selected Secondary School in Chirundu District

Authors: Sikampandu Edgar, Dr Sumaki Suma

Abstract: This study investigates the factors contributing to pupils’ poor performance in Civic Education in selected secondary schools in Chirundu District. Despite the importance of Civic Education in promoting responsible citizenship, learners in the district have consistently recorded low academic achievement in the subject. The study employed a mixed-methods research design, combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected from pupils, teachers, and school administrators through questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations. The findings revealed that several factors contribute to poor performance in Civic Education. Key among these were inadequate teaching and learning materials, limited teacher specialization in the subject, ineffective teaching methodologies, and low pupil motivation. Additionally, external factors such as poor parental involvement, language barriers, and overcrowded classrooms were found to negatively affect learners’ understanding and engagement. The study also highlighted that some teachers lacked continuous professional development opportunities, which impacted the quality of instruction. The study concludes that improving pupils’ performance in Civic Education requires a multifaceted approach involving the provision of adequate learning resources, enhancement of teacher training, and the adoption of learner-centered teaching strategies. It recommends that educational stakeholders, including the Ministry of Education, prioritize teacher capacity building, curriculum support, and increased community involvement to enhance academic outcomes in Civic Education.

DOI: http://doi.org/

A Study On Special Economic Zones And Its Impact On Industrial Development: Problems And Challenges

Authors: Dr. M.D.Chinnu, Gino Raj D

Abstract: This study examines Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and their impact on industrial development, with a focus on growth, investment, employment generation, and exports. SEZs were introduced as policy instruments to promote industrialization through tax incentives, simplified regulations, and improved infrastructure. The study analyzes how SEZs have contributed to regional development and enhanced industrial competitiveness. At the same time, it highlights key problems such as land acquisition issues, displacement of local communities, policy instability, and uneven regional growth. Challenges relating to environmental sustainability, labor conditions, and integration with the domestic economy are also discussed. The study aims to assess whether SEZs have achieved their intended objectives and to suggest measures for improving their effectiveness.

Role of Swami Vivekananda’s Educational Philosophy in Promoting Peace and Moral Values Under Nep 2020

Authors: Amitesh Sarkar

Abstract: Swami Vivekananda's vision of education focuses on character building, character upliftment, spiritual consciousness and the integral development of the individual. In contemporary India, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 takes a few cues from these by prioritising value-based education, character development and social awareness. The current research paper discusses the significance and possibility of putting Vivekananda's educational strategies into practice for promoting peace and moral values in the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Descriptive and analytical analyses of secondary data such as policy documents, conceptual and literature reviews are used in this paper. Comparative analysis is used to assess the compatibility of Vivekananda’s philosophical approach to the goals of NEP 2020. For example, quantitative representation is used to demonstrate improvement in the measures such as student behaviour, moral evolution, emotional quotient and peace in society. The findings indicate that inclusion of Vivekananda's principles of education in current policies has a beneficial effect on the moral development of the students and is a tool in establishing a peaceful and value-based society.

Role of Media in Communication: Fostering & Shaping Cultural Narratives

Authors: Dr. Neha Pandey, Dr. Abhishek Pratap Singh

Abstract: Dr. Neha Pandey, Media plays a crucial role in the field of communication. There are so many types of media and its channels for storing, transmitting, or delivering information, primarily categorized into print, broadcast, digital, and outdoor formats. These are newspapers, television, social media, and billboards etc. The prominent functions of media are to inform, educate, entertain, persuade, and socialize audiences. Media serves as a crucial channel for surveillance of the environment, interpreting events, linking various components of society and transmitting cultural values. It also acts as a public forum for debate and a watchdog of institutions. We know that media plays significant role in the process of communication as well as a powerful architect of cultural narratives. Media exist a dual, reciprocal role in shaping and reflecting society, acting as both a mirror of existing cultural norms and a sculptor of new ones. The selecting, framing, and repeating narratives, media influences public perception, constructs collective memory, and can either reinforce social cohesion or perpetuate dominant cultural stereotypes. Modern media is rapidly converging, blending traditional methods with digital technology. Digital platforms (social media, online news) have democratized content creation, allowing for more diverse voices but also facilitating the rapid spread of misinformation. Modern media uses visual and interactive content to immerse audiences in specific cultural experiences and narratives, transforming how cultural heritage is consumed and understood. Media, particularly digital platform, allows women to bypass traditional "gatekeepers" and share authentic, first-person stories. Nowadays AI in modern media and communication acts as a transformative force, automating routine production, hyper-personalizing content, and enabling real-time data analysis. It assists in drafting, editing, and translating content, enhances audience engagement through targeted recommendations, and drives efficiency in journalism, marketing, and PR. The following measures announced in the budget will help strengthen India's AI ecosystem: ₹1,000 crore for the India AI Mission (FY26–27) to continue support for domestic AI R&D and compute infrastructure. This is down from ₹2,000 crore in 2025, likely due to the underutilization of previously allotted funds. AI integration in education faces significant barriers for students and teachers, primarily driven by a lack of training, ethical/privacy concerns, high costs, and potential for reduced critical thinking. Key obstacles include, for teachers, a lack of AI confidence/skills and, for students, over-reliance on tools that can diminish critical thinking and human interaction.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19510943

Study About New Trends in Rural Social Structure & Social Change

Authors: Dr. Abhishek Pratap Singh, Dr. Neha Pandey

Abstract: As we know that India is a village rooted country. Therefore, it is necessary to study the social structure of rural life and the social change occurring within it. Rural social structure is constantly changing at a rapid pace and changes driven by modernization, technology, and economic shifts. Due to which, significant changes are also being seen in traditional farming system. People from rural communities are now entering into other businesses than agriculture. They are now working in non-farm jobs like transport, retail, and construction. We can say changes in the structure of rural life are responsible for social change. Small businesses and local entrepreneurship are increasing, allowing villages to become more self-reliant. Traditional joint family systems are breaking down into smaller, nuclear family units.. Education and new job opportunities are helping to create more equality and remove caste-biasness. A significant change is being observed in the field of women in this era of transition. Now women are becoming more active in the workforce, education, and local politics leading to higher status and independence. Women are also taking on larger roles in farming. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are empowering women financially and socially. Rise of "Lakhpati Didis" women-led collectives are central to rural transformation, with 10.05 crore women mobilized into 90.09 lakh Self-Help Groups (SHGs) by early 2026. Apart from this, presently a global transformation in digital infrastructure is also being seen. Digital infrastructure is now near-universal, with 398.35 million rural internet subscribers as of March 2024, rapidly expanding by 2026. Drones, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and apps for weather/soil health are being adopted to increase yields, though this sometimes creates inequalities favoring wealthier, more tech-savvy farmers. Although new trend have brought considerable positive changes in the rural social structure and social transformation, but still, these changes are somehow bound by their limitations, which leave a negative impact on rural life. Hence, the digital era has reduced the quality of human resources.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19510984

Job Satisfaction And Quality Of Life Of Primary Teachers

Authors: Mr. Aakash Kumar, Dr. Pratibha Sagar

Abstract: Primary teachers form the foundation of India’s educational system and play a central role in shaping the intellectual and moral development of children. As India advances toward educational reform under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, increasing attention is being given to learning outcomes and institutional transformation. However, the well-being of teachers remains a crucial yet insufficiently explored dimension of educational quality. Job satisfaction and quality of life are deeply interconnected constructs that influence teacher effectiveness, retention, and student success. In the Indian context, primary teachers work within complex socio-economic and cultural environments characterized by regional disparities, administrative burdens, gender expectations, and varying institutional structures. This paper examines the determinants of job satisfaction and quality of life among Indian primary teachers by integrating psychological theories, sociological insights, and empirical research. It analyzes the influence of salary structures, job security, school climate, professional development, workload, infrastructure, gender roles, and post-pandemic transformations. The paper argues that enhancing teacher well-being is not merely a welfare concern but a strategic necessity for strengthening India’s foundational education system. By situating teacher well-being within broader policy and socio-cultural frameworks, the study underscores its centrality to sustainable educational reform. It concludes that long-term improvements in learning outcomes are inseparable from investments in the professional and personal well-being of teachers.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19511023

Role of Education in Achieving Global Sustainability Goals

Authors: Research Scholar Bharad Forum Devkrishna, Professor J. N. Amin

Abstract: Education is a significant catalyst in the achievement of global sustainability goals and plays a vital role in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal 4.7, which emphasizes the importance of knowledge and skills in the achievement of sustainable development. This paper seeks to present the multi-dimensional role of education in the achievement of sustainability using the cognitive, socio-emotional, and behavioral models of learning. Using empirical evidence from BRICS and G20 countries, the study established the non-linear inverted-U relationship between education and environmental sustainability, which starts with the development of industries and later shifts to the promotion of environmental awareness and technological innovations at higher levels of educational attainment. This study established four important mechanisms through which education can promote sustainability: integration of policies, curriculum transformation, educator training, and community engagement.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.223

Security Vulnerability Assessment and Risk Analysis

Authors: Akash Sharma, Arslaan, Assistant Professor Shikha Sharma

Abstract: This study presents a systematic approach to vulnerability assessment and risk analysis within a controlled laboratory environment. A virtual network infrastructure was deployed, comprising Kali Linux as the scanning platform and Metasploitable 2 as the target system, to emulate a small-scale enterprise network. Network reconnaissance was conducted using Nmap, followed by vulnerability assessment using Nessus. Identified vulnerabilities were evaluated and classified based on severity using the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), and subsequently mapped to corresponding risk levels. The analysis revealed multiple high-severity vulnerabilities, including the presence of default credentials and outdated services, which pose significant security risks and necessitate immediate remediation. Furthermore, the results underscore the effectiveness and extensive coverage of Nessus, supported by its comprehensive plugin database exceeding 80,000 entries. The proposed methodology provides a practical and reproducible framework applicable to both academic research and real-world cybersecurity assessments.

DOI: http://doi.org/

Sayajirao Gaekwad’s Perspective On Educational Empowerment For Marginalised Groups

Authors: Dr. Mukesh Kumar, Anand Prakash Vidyarthi

Abstract: This paper sociologically analyses the educational reforms introduced by Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III of Baroda as an early experiment in state-led social justice within colonial India. Situated in a context of rigid caste hierarchy, patriarchy, and restricted mobility, Gaekwad’s introduction of free and compulsory primary education represented a structural intervention aimed at redistributing cultural capital and dismantling inherited privilege. Education was reconceptualised not as a marker of caste status but as a public right essential for citizenship and social integration. Vocational and technical expansion further linked education to economic mobility. Such initiatives illustrate a multidimensional model that combines literacy, skill development, and social inclusion. From a sociological perspective, Gaekwad’s reforms demonstrate how institutional commitment, administrative enforcement, and targeted welfare can transform education into an instrument of social restructuring, anticipating later constitutional principles of equality, affirmative action, and universal access in India.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19548553

The Study Of General Aptitude In 10th Class Students According Their Interest In Vidarbha Region

Authors: Dr. Shubhangi Harihar Patil

Abstract: The aim was to explore the common aptitudes and interests of students from rural and urban areas of Vidarbha and match them with relevant courses in the five professional fields of medicine, engineering, commerce, arts, and applied arts. In this context, general aptitude tests and aptitude finder tests were utilized to identify the general aptitude and specific aptitudes of rural students. The researchers endeavored to integrate curricula related to the fields of medicine, engineering, commerce, arts, and applied arts. The Purpose of the present research study is recognized that if rural students were provided with proper educational and economic opportunities, they could progress in the right direction, achieve future success, and lead happy lives. The research revealed that while students in urban areas had access to educational, economic, social, physical, and natural facilities, their counterparts in rural areas lacked such access for the present research; data was collected using survey research method. The present research study covered nine out of eleven districts in Vidarbha region by purposive sampling method Furthermore, due to the inclusion of class 10 students in all Marathi medium schools across rural and urban areas of Vidarbha, the findings of the research were applicable to Class 10 students in Marathi medium schools throughout Vidarbha region. It was decided to get a certified standard from the office of "Departmental Business Guidance Centre, Nagpur" to analyze the collected information. After ensuring that the collected information was properly analyzed; the collected information was classified and analyzed as per the standard criteria. The finding of the research study is Interest and General aptitude in the field of medical and engineering of rural students is less as compared to urban students. However, the situation in the field of commerce and art is opposite. General aptitude and aptitude in the field of applied arts is also higher among urban students than rural students.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19564860

A Discursive Analysis Of Dr. Harisingh Gour‘s Contribution To English Poetry

Authors: Dr. Diwakar Singh Rajput, Mohd Shahrukh

Abstract: Dr. Sir Harisingh Gour (1869–1949) is widely commemorated as a jurist, educationist, philanthropist, and social reformer. However, his literary identity—particularly his foray into English poetry—remains a largely neglected facet of his multifaceted legacy. This paper undertakes a discursive analysis of Gour’s poetic oeuvre, focusing primarily on his debut anthology Stepping Westward and Other Poems (1890), published during his student years at Cambridge University. Through a close reading of select poems and an examination of the socio-cultural context of late-Victorian England, this study argues that Gour’s poetry operates at the intersection of colonial encounter, Romantic sensibility, and nascent nationalist consciousness. His verse not only reflects the influence of English Romantic poets like Wordsworth and Shelley but also subtly articulates the dilemmas of the colonial subject negotiating between Eastern heritage and Western modernity. By situating Gour within the broader tradition of Indian English poetry, this paper seeks to recover his place as a pioneering Indian poet in England and interrogate why his literary contributions have been overshadowed by his legal and educational achievements. The analysis reveals that Gour’s poetry, while conventional in form, offers a unique discursive space where reformist zeal, cultural hybridity, and poetic imagination converge.

DOI:

Research on Pupils Understanding of Set Notation and Operations at Grade 12 (Twelve) of Chikankata District Sounthern Province at Chikani Secondary School

Authors: Gift Mbumba, Mr. Joseph.S

Abstract: This study determines learners understanding of set notations and operations, exploring the challenges and misconceptions that arise when learning these fundamental mathematical concepts. The population under study will comprise of 30 mathematics learners from schools chikani secondary school of Chikankata district making the total of 30 participants. Descrip-tive case study will be used to interview 3(three) mathematics teachers and sampling tech-niques which was employed is a simple random sample. Simple Random sampling was used to sample learners in order to give every learner of the class an equal chance of being included in the sample to be studied. A mathematical test MAT 4024/1/2 will be used to get data from learners. The findings of the study will reveal the learners understanding in the mathematical set notations and operations to determine whether pupils could barely understand the mean-ing of set notations and operations used in the teaching and learning of sets in secondary schools. The results will highlight the need for targeted Instructional Strategies to support learners understanding of set notation and operations, providing insights into the design of effective learning materials and activities.

After Meaning: Epidemic Time, Moral Fatigue, And The Reinvention Of Human Solidarity In Camus’s The Plague

Authors: Dr. Pradip Molsom

Abstract: This article undertakes a sustained literary and philosophical investigation of Albert Camus’s La Peste (The Plague, 1947) through the convergent lenses of existentialist ethics, phenomenological temporality, and the sociology of collective suffering. The central argument holds that Camus’s novel does not merely dramatize the biological catastrophe of bubonic plague in wartime Oran; rather, it deploys the epidemic as a sustained temporal laboratory in which received moral frameworks, rooted in individual heroism, transcendent faith, and nationalistic sentiment, are systematically exhausted, only to be replaced by a more austere, provisional, and authentically human solidarity. Drawing on the concept of “epidemic time”, a distorted, suspended, and collectively experienced temporality that severs individuals from both past memory and future expectation, this study examines how Camus figures moral fatigue not as defeat but as a necessary epistemological clearing, an emptying of false consolations that paradoxically enables genuine ethical commitment. Through close readings of the novel’s five structural parts, its narrator’s shifting ironic distance, the contrasting philosophical positions of Rieux, Tarrou, Paneloux, and Rambert, and its densely recursive imagery of exile and return, the article demonstrates that solidarity in Camus is neither sentimental nor ideological but is instead an ongoing and always-threatened human invention, achieved against the grain of absurdity. The study also situates the novel within its immediate post-World War II historical context and within Camus’s broader philosophical project of the absurd and revolt, arguing that The Plague represents a pivotal, and internally contradictory, moment in his thinking about collective moral life. The article concludes by reflecting on the contemporary resonance of Camus’s vision in an age of recurring global health crises, ecological catastrophe, and resurgent political nihilism.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19588960

Investment Decision-Making In Uncertain Economic Conditions

Authors: Dr.V.O.Kavitha, Dr. Viji R, Director, Prof. (Dr.) Vellayan Srinivasan

Abstract: Investment decision-making under uncertain economic conditions has become increasingly complex due to inflation volatility, geopolitical instability, fluctuating interest rates, and market unpredictability. This study examines the factors influencing investment decisions among general working professionals during uncertain economic periods. Using a structured questionnaire administered to 100 respondents, the research analyzes the role of risk perception, financial literacy, income stability, and market confidence in shaping investment behavior. Statistical tools including descriptive analysis, Chi-square testing, and ANOVA are applied to assess relationships between variables. Findings reveal that economic uncertainty significantly alters investment preferences, leading investors toward safer and more diversified financial instruments. The study contributes to management and economics literature by identifying adaptive investment patterns and offering implications for policymakers and financial advisors.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19590023

Narrating The Anthropocene: Eco-Anxiety, Environmental Justice, And Indigenous Ecologies In Contemporary Postcolonial Literature”

Authors: Dr L Sangeetha

Abstract: This study investigates the dynamic and evolving relationship between literature and the environment through the interdisciplinary lens of ecocriticism and environmental humanities. In the context of accelerating climate change and ecological degradation, literary texts have emerged as vital cultural sites for articulating environmental concerns and reimagining human–nature relationships. Focusing on contemporary postcolonial literature, this article examines how narratives engage with the material and psychological realities of the Anthropocene, particularly through representations of eco-anxiety, climate crisis, and environmental loss. The study foregrounds the interconnected issues of environmental justice, eco-trauma, and displacement, emphasizing how ecological degradation disproportionately affects marginalized and Indigenous communities. These narratives not only document environmental suffering but also reveal the socio-political structures that perpetuate inequality and ecological exploitation. By analyzing representations of land, water, and ecological memory, the article demonstrates how literature encodes experiences of dispossession, cultural erasure, and resistance. Furthermore, the research highlights the significance of Indigenous ecological knowledge systems, which offer alternative frameworks for understanding sustainability, interdependence, and coexistence. In contrast to dominant Western anthropocentric paradigms, these perspectives challenge exploitative models of development and propose more ethical and sustainable modes of living with the environment. Through a combination of theoretical inquiry and textual analysis, this study argues that literature plays a transformative role in shaping ecological consciousness and fostering ethical engagement with environmental crises. It positions literary narratives as powerful tools for both critique and imagination, capable of addressing the complexities of the Anthropocene while envisioning more just and sustainable futures. Ultimately, this research contributes to the expanding field of environmental humanities by underscoring the critical role of storytelling in confronting global ecological challenges.

Reading Dharma And Karma In Godaan And The Guide: A Critical Study Through Indian Philosophical Thought

Authors: Meenakshi Kumari

Abstract: This paper explores the concepts of Dharma and Karma in two important Indian novels, Godaan by Premchand and The Guide by R. K. Narayan. These concepts are rooted in Indian philosophical text and epic, are examined in the context of modern society and literature. The study focuses on how the characters in these novels deal with moral responsibility, duty, and the consequences of their actions. In Godaan, Dharma is shown as a social duty shaped by poverty, class, and societal expectations, where the protagonist struggles to balance moral values with survival. In contrast, The Guide presents Dharma as a more personal and evolving idea, focuses on the inner transformation of the protagonist through his actions and experiences. The paper also discusses how Karma operates differently in both texts, where we see both social realities and individual choices. By comparing these two novels, the study shows that Dharma and Karma are not fixed concepts but change according to time, society, and individual situations. The paper concludes that modern Indian literature reinterprets these traditional ideas to explore moral conflicts and human experiences in a changing world.

Visualising Alternative History: Memory, Violence, And Resistance In Selected Graphic Novels

Authors: Utkarsha Singh

Abstract: Graphic novels are a powerful tool to narrate stories about history through the help of text and images. Graphic narratives highlight human memory, lived experience, and everyday reality, in contrast to traditional histography which often focuses on official events and institutional perspective. This paper examines Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi, in which she illustrates her own childhood memories, and Delhi Calm by Vishwajyoti Ghosh as a graphic text that reinterprets history through personal and visual lens. Persepolis highlights the Iranian Revolution through autobiographical memory, emphasizing the emotional and psychological impact of political violence on everyday life. On the other hand, Delhi Calm employs satire, allegory, and visual metaphor to critique authoritarian control, censorship, and surveillance. Both texts contest prevailing historical narratives by highlighting marginalized voices and everyday experiences, converting intergenerational memory into visual representation. This study argues that graphic novels serve as alternative historical narratives that transform communal perception of memory, violence, and resistance within various cultural and political frameworks. Their nonlinear structure encourages readers to read and get involved and think critically about history.

The Afterlife Of Victorian Morality: Structure, Discipline, And Digital Transformation

Authors: Akansha kumari

Abstract: Victorian moralism is often associated with a code of morality that was defined in the 1800s, shaped by British social and cultural life. But its influence did not take a pause. Its key ideas of respectability, discipline and gender roles became entrenched in other societies through colonial expansion, education systems and everyday social practice, then slowly normalized. This paper argues that how Victorian morality has influenced the contemporary society and demonstrates how much of it has survived and transformed. Unlike earlier moral systems that were grounded in largely established institutions like the church and the imperial governance, this historical context is now operating through new, varied axes of ethical value within a vast landscape of digital territories. Social media platforms have created environments where people are constantly visible, and behaviour is judged, discussed, and often regulated by others. At the same time, these platforms have also made it possible to question and rethink these inherited norms, especially in postcolonial contexts where such values were once imposed and later internalised. Rather than showing a decline in morality, this shift reflects an ongoing process of change. In this way, morality today shows both continuity and transformation, as older structures continue to exist but are constantly being reinterpreted in a rapidly changing world.

Explore The Effects Of Deforestation On Indigenous Tree Species In A Selected Region

Authors: Frank Hanondwe, Mr Bandaa

Abstract: Deforestation, a growing problem in many developing countries, has an especially intense impact on Zambia. Though indirectly, it seems that some people are thriving on the suffering of others by using the forests for pasture, urban use, logging industries, etc. While the poor need these dominant tree species as a basic means of survival, for things like cooking and warmth, others are cutting down these dominant tree species to build houses or burn them during chitemene system of farming as well as charcoal production. The destruction of dominant tree species such as Julbernardia, isoberlinia and/or Brachystegia may negatively affect the ecosystem in Mkushi District.. Hence, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of deforestation on indigenous tree species in Mkushi. For this purpose a random sample of 80 persons of varying age, education level and social status were selected from the study area such as charcoal burners, wild fruit gatherers, mushroom collectors, honey searchers, caterpillar harvesters, lumberers and small scale farmers in order to collect genuine information regarding deforestation activity. Results of analysis from the findings revealed that deforestation threatens biodiversity and undermines key ecosystem services such as climate and water regulation. Shortened flow of seasonal streams and the drying up of formerly permanent rivers have been observed. Land degradation causes hydrological imbalance and increased risks for floods and droughts, undermines social economic development and continues to deepen the poverty crisis. Pterocarpus angolensis is under threat of extinction in Mkushi and very soon before people come to realise it will get depleted. The people may also be deprived of economic benefits of good climatic conditions if the dominant tree species get depleted. The importance of forests is crucial to the well being of humanity. Forests provide a lot of great services and benefits to our ecosystems, birdlife, wildlife, insects and humanity. A large percentage of the population relies on forests for their livelihood and subsistence farming for survival.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19607412

The Effectiveness In Settling Former Inmates In Schools: A Study Conducted At Selected Schools Of Kabwe District – Central Province

Authors: Chakale Sakubita, Mr Malumbe Orgency

Abstract: The reintegration of former inmates into educational institutions presents a critical challenge and opportunity for fostering societal rehabilitation and reducing recidivism. This study investigates the effectiveness of various approaches employed to settle former inmates in schools, emphasizing the role of supportive educational environments, tailored learning programs, and psychological support. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data from case studies, surveys, and interviews with educators, students, and reformed inmates, the research highlights key factors influencing successful reintegration. These include stigma reduction, peer and faculty support, curriculum flexibility, and access to counselling services. Findings suggest that institutions with structured reintegration frameworks and inclusive policies significantly enhance academic performance, social adjustment, and self-esteem among former inmates. The study concludes with recommendations for policy reforms, capacity building among educators, and community involvement to ensure the sustainability and scalability of these initiatives. This research contributes to the broader discourse on education's role in social justice and rehabilitation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19607731

A Study on Online Consumer Behavior and Satisfaction: Evidence from Amazon

Authors: Assistant Professor Mr. M. Eknath Prasath, Ms. Fathima Firdhous. S

Abstract: This study examines customer satisfaction in relation to the services provided by Amazon as a leading e-commerce platform. The research focuses on understanding consumer purchasing behavior, service quality, and the factors influencing overall satisfaction levels. With the rapid growth of online shopping, customers increasingly depend on convenience, wide product availability, competitive pricing, and reliable delivery services. A descriptive research design is adopted, and data is collected from users to evaluate their experiences and expectations. Key dimensions such as website usability, product quality, delivery performance, payment security, and customer support are analyzed to assess their impact on satisfaction and customer loyalty. The findings indicate that a positive shopping experience plays a significant role in encouraging repeat purchases and building long-term trust.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19614814

A Study on the Impact of Training and Development on Employee Performance

Authors: Assistant Professor Ms. Abinaya J, Ms. Haripriya K

Abstract: Training and development (T&D) programs are pivotal in enhancing employee performance, fostering organizational competitiveness in dynamic business environments. This study investigates the direct and indirect impacts of T&D on key performance indicators such as productivity, job satisfaction, and retention rates. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 120 employees across manufacturing and service sectors in India via surveys and semi-structured interviews, analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and thematic analysis. Findings reveal a significant positive correlation between comprehensive T&D initiative encompassing skill-building workshops, on-the-job training, and e-learning—and improved performance metrics, with a 28% uplift in productivity observed. Moderating factors like organizational culture and leadership support amplify these effects. The study underscores T&D's role in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 8 (decent work and economic growth) and recommends tailored programs for SMEs. Implications for HR practitioners and future research on digital T&D platforms are discussed.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19615100

A Study of the Impact of AI-Assisted Innovation Challenges on Student Engagement and Creativity With Special Reference to Coimbatore District

Authors: Assistant Professor Dr. G. Kowsalya, Ms. S. Janani

Abstract: This study looks at how AI-assisted innovation challenges affect students’ engagement and creativity. It shows that students become more interested in learning when they take part in AI-based activities. These activities help them think creatively and solve problems. AI tools make learning more practical and interactive. Students can understand concepts better and apply them in real life. The study also finds that participation in AI challenges increases students’ motivation. It helps them feel more confident and active in learning. AI-based learning creates a more engaging classroom environment. However, proper guidance from teachers is important. Overall, the study shows that AI improves engagement, creativity, and learning experience.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19615255

Human And Environment Interaction : A Two Way Relationship With Society

Authors: Dr. iti Adhikari

Abstract: Human and environment interaction represents a dynamic and reciprocal relationship in which both influence and shape each other over time. This paper explores how human activities such as urbanization, industrialization, and technological advancement impact the natural environment, leading to issues like climate change, resource depletion, and biodiversity loss. At the same time, environmental conditions significantly affect human life, including health, livelihood, culture, and economic development.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19615286

A Study of the Impact of AI-Assisted Innovation Challenges on Student Engagement and Creativity With Special Reference to Coimbatore District

Authors: Assistant Professor Dr. G. Kowsalya, Ms. S. Janani

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19615255

Recalibrating Trade Relations: The U.S.–India Tariff Conflict In A Shifting Global Order

Authors: Mr. Arun Lal

Abstract: The bilateral trade relationship between the U.S. and India has grown exponentially over the last 30 years and has evolved into a small-scale cooperation into one of critical economic significance. Nonetheless, tariff disputes have sometimes been a burden to this alliance, and these disputes are indicative of more significant issues in the regulation of international trade. Due to the shifting international order with rising levels of protectionism, the emergence of geopolitical competition and the shifting multilateral trade standards, this paper will examine the genesis of the U.S.-India tariff war, its development, and its impact. It follows major tariffs and reactions implemented by the two sides, analyses the political and economic repercussions of each and puts the conflict in the context of more global trends in trade policy. The research paper justifies the argument that, when treated adeptly using multilateral constructs and solid bilateral processes, tariff wars can result in policy re-evaluation, institutional redesign and an increase in strategic dialogue, though they also pose challenges to bilateral collaboration and global trade stability.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19615361

Structure And Functioning Of Local Administration In Ancient India

Authors: Dr. Vijay Kumar

Abstract: The structure of local administration in ancient India was highly organized and developed. It functioned at three levels—village, town, and district. The primary objective of local administration was to bring governance closer to the people and to resolve local problems effectively. During the Mauryan and Gupta periods, administrative institutions attained a high degree of development. Governance was carried out through village assemblies, headmen, city superintendents, and various administrative officials. The system was multi-layered and well-structured. This study aims to analyze the structure and functioning of local administration in ancient India. Urban administration was also well-organized, with the Nagaradhyaksha (City Superintendent) as the chief officer. According to Megasthenes, city administration was conducted through six committees. The district administration was managed by state representatives responsible for implementing royal orders and collecting taxes such as land revenue and trade taxes. Public works were also undertaken by local authorities. Local administrative institutions were particularly developed during the Mauryan and Gupta periods. Administration was conducted through the village assembly, gramani (village head), nagaradhyaksha (town superintendent), and various administrative officials. The local administration system was highly systematic and multi-tiered. A strong structure existed at the local level. Various administrative institutions functioned at the village, town, and janapada levels. These institutions were managed by local officials and assemblies. The purpose of this research paper is to study the structure and functioning of local administration in ancient North India. In ancient times, town administration was also well-organized. The chief officer of town administration was the nagaradhyaksha or nagaradhipa. In the Mauryan period, special committees were established for town administration.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19615449

A Study on the Role of the Start up India Initiative in Promoting Youth Entrepreneurship with Special Reference to Coimbatore District

Authors: Assistant Professor Ms.Nandhini R, Mr.Madhavan S

Abstract: The Startup India Initiative was launched to promote innovation, encourage entrepreneurship, and build a strong startup ecosystem across India. This study examines the role of the initiative in promoting youth entrepreneurship by providing policy support, financial assistance, skill development, and simplified regulatory frameworks. The program aims to transform young individuals from job seekers into job creators by encouraging innovative business ideas and supporting early-stage startups. Government measures such as tax benefits, easier compliance procedures, incubation support, and access to funding have created a conducive environment for young entrepreneurs to establish and expand their ventures.

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19615449

Competitive Exams And Aspirants In India: A Sociological Study Of Anomie And Strain

Authors: Shrikant Singh, Prof. Ravindra Bansal

Abstract: In today’s India, competitive exams are the way to jobs, social status and progression. Every year, lakhs of youth prepare for the UPSC,SSC, NET, NEET and banking, railway and different state-level government services exams. These exams are presented as merit- based, fair and give equal opportunities to all. However, the real lived experiences of aspirants often show stress, doubt, repeated failure and psychological pressure. This paper, based on Emile Durkheim’s concept of anomie and Robert K. Merton’s theory of strain, gives a theoretical sociological perspective on these exam preparation process. Based on their everyday experiences – such as long preparation time, financial dependency, family expectations and social comparison – this paper argues that the culture of competitive exams creates anomie and strain. The gap between socially approved goals and limited institutional paths creates anxiety, confusion, and frustration in aspirants.This analysis may be useful for government (for policy making), coaching classes, aspirants and their families. The paper concludes that the understanding competitive exams through sociological lens, helps to shift the focus from individual failures to the structural conditions and emphasizes the need for a more humanistic approach to youth expectations and job opportunities.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19615515

A Study on the Role of the Start up India Initiative in Promoting Youth Entrepreneurship with Special Reference to Coimbatore District

Authors: Assistant Professor Ms.Nandhini R, Mr.Madhavan S

DOI: https://zenodo.org/records/19615449

A Study on the Impact of Digital Platforms on the Growth of Traditional Rural Business

Authors: Assistant Professor Mrs. R. Mithuna, Mr. J. Yogeshwar

Abstract: This study examines the impact of digital platforms on the growth of traditional rural businesses, focusing aon how technology-driven tools such as e-commerce, social media, and digital payment systems are transforming rural economies. The research highlights how these platforms enable rural entrepreneurs to expand market access, improve operational efficiency, and enhance customer engagement beyond local boundaries. At the same time, it explores key challenges including limited digital literacy, inadequate infrastructure, and resistance to technological change. By analyzing both opportunities and constraints, the study provides insights into how digital platforms contribute to income generation, business sustainability, and rural development, while also identifying the need for supportive policies and training initiatives to maximize their effectiveness.

DOI: http://doi.org/

Solar Paint

Authors: Ahmed Fahd Qasem Ahmed, Uthkarsh, Mahamat Cherif, Tarun Kumar Pradhan

Abstract: Solar paint is an emerging photovoltaic (PV) technology that enables buildings, vehicles, and other surfaces to generate electricity through a thin, paintable coating. Unlike conventional rigid solar panels, solar paint leverages perovskite materials, quantum dots (QDs), and semiconductor nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid medium to convert sunlight into electrical energy. This research report provides an end-to-end examination of solar paint — covering its material composition, photovoltaic working mechanism, types, efficiency metrics, environmental challenges, commercialisation barriers, comparative economics, and future development pathways. The study draws on primary laboratory data, secondary academic literature, and market analyses to present a holistic assessment of the technology's current status and potential. Current solar paint technologies demonstrate power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 3–8%, significantly lower than commercial silicon panels (18–22%). Nevertheless, the technology offers compelling advantages: low material cost, scalable application methods (spray, roll, brush), aesthetic flexibility, and strong suitability for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). The project's analysis reveals a 20–35% performance drop under prolonged UV exposure, underscoring durability as the most critical bottleneck. Recommendations include graphene-based encapsulation layers, hybrid perovskite–polymer formulations, and investment in roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing. Solar paint holds significant long-term promise as a supplemental — and eventually primary — distributed energy source in the global transition to sustainable energy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19630396

The Role Of Microfinance In Women’s Empowerment: Contributing Elements In Odisha’s Selected Districts

Authors: Mr. Sitansu Ranjan Swain, Mr. Vijaya Rudraraju, Ms. Sasmita Nayak

Abstract: This study examines the role of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in poverty alleviation and economic development by extending financial services to financially excluded and underserved populations. MFIs improve access to credit and financial inclusion, thereby promoting micro-entrepreneurship, income diversification, and sustainable livelihood generation. The study employs a quantitative research design based on SHG members from Khurda and Sambalpur districts, analysing key socioeconomic indicators such as income level, household decision-making autonomy, and quality of life. Findings reveal that microfinance enhances financial empowerment, intra-household bargaining power, and community participation, particularly through SHG engagement and income-generating activities. Overall, MFIs play a crucial role in poverty reduction and women’s empowerment, influenced by factors such as institutional efficiency, interest rate structures, and regulatory frameworks governing financial inclusion mechanisms.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19643812

“Role of FinTech in Promoting Financial Inclusion in India”

Authors: Mr. Parth Singh Yadav, Mr. Rohit Verma

Abstract: Financial inclusion has emerged as a critical driver of socio-economic development, ensuring that individuals and businesses—especially those in underserved and rural areas—have access to useful and affordable financial products. In India, the rapid growth of Financial Technology (FinTech) has transformed the landscape of financial services through innovations such as the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), mobile wallets, digital lending platforms, and neo-banking. This research paper examines the role of FinTech in promoting financial inclusion in India by evaluating both access to and usage of digital financial services. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining secondary data from credible sources such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), and the World Bank’s Global Findex Database, with primary data collected through structured questionnaires and interviews. The research focuses on three key dimensions of financial inclusion—access, usage, and quality—and investigates how digital literacy, trust, smartphone penetration, and regulatory frameworks influence FinTech adoption. Preliminary evidence suggests that FinTech has significantly improved transactional access, enabling millions of Indians to perform low-cost, real-time digital transactions. However, deeper financial inclusion—such as access to credit, insurance, and long-term savings products—remains limited due to challenges like low digital literacy, lack of trust, regional disparities, and persistent dependence on cash. The paper also highlights the role of government policies, including Jan Dhan Yojana, Aadhaar-linked banking, and UPI infrastructure, in creating a foundation for FinTech growth. By analysing determinants of adoption and barriers to usage, the study aims to provide actionable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and FinTech startups. The expected outcomes include policy recommendations on strengthening digital literacy, enhancing consumer protection, and designing inclusive financial products tailored to low-income users. Ultimately, this research underscores that while FinTech is a powerful enabler of financial inclusion, its true potential will be realized only when supported by inclusive design, trust-building, and regulatory safeguards.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19659178

Imagining The Nation: Unity In Diversity In Raja Rao’s Kanthapura

Authors: Dr. Chittaranjan Nath

Abstract: Raja Rao’s Kanthapura (1938) is one of the earliest Indian English novels to imaginatively reconstitute the Indian freedom struggle through a distinctly indigenous narrative mode. By situating the Gandhian nationalist movement in the microcosm of a rural South Indian village, Rao offers not only a political narrative but also a cultural cartography of India’s plurality. This paper examines how the novel constructs a vision of national unity rooted in diversity by interweaving Gandhian ideology, mythological symbolism, caste and gender negotiations, and oral storytelling. The study argues that Kanthapura dramatizes the process of unity formation as one that is simultaneously fraught with tension and enriched by plurality. Drawing upon Benedict Anderson’s theory of ‘imagined communities’ and Indian critical traditions, this paper shows how Rao’s fiction contributes to the literary imagination of the nation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19660094

Determinants Of Employee Attrition And Retention In Odisha’s Private Healthcare Sector: An Empirical Analysis Of Contributing Factors

Authors: Sudhansubala Sahoo, Dr S. Anand Reddy, Dr Kailash Chandra Nayak

Abstract: A structured analytical framework is used to examine employee turnover in the private healthcare sector, focusing on organisational and job-related factors. The research uses primary data collected from healthcare professionals at private hospitals in Odisha via a standardised questionnaire. The main things that were looked at were pay, job satisfaction, workload, chances for career advancement, and how managers do their jobs. The analysis reveals that insufficient compensation, elevated work intensity, constrained opportunities for professional advancement, and inadequate managerial support are the principal determinants affecting employee turnover. The study enhances comprehension of attrition dynamics within the healthcare sector and establishes a basis for formulating effective retention strategies in private hospitals.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19661115

An Appraisal Model Of Ideology And Power In Donald Trump’s Inaugural Speech

Authors: Aye Pa Pa Myo, Liping Chen

Abstract: This study aims to explore categories of linguistic choices in Trump’s Inaugural Speech that mirror ideological stance and power relations within political discourse. The study employs a mixed quantitative-qualitative research approach, drawing on Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and the Appraisal Framework to analyze how Trump’s speech constructs and reinforces ideological stances and power relations through linguistic choices. Appraisal Theory (AT) provides a robust framework for examining resources related to attitudes (affect, judgement, appreciation), engagement strategies (dialogic contraction/expansion), and graduation mechanisms (force/focus). By examining these resources, the study reveals how Trump strategically uses persuasive language to mobilize support, assert authority, and frame political narratives. Findings indicate that Trump’s persuasive language, characterized by direct address and analyzed using the Appraisal Model, is influential and powerful in capturing the attention and approval of the American public for his political victory. Future research could further explore his ideological stance and power relations by utilizing digitalization techniques in a more modern context.

The Self Between Two Worlds: Diaspora, Memory, And Identity In The Namesake And Midnight’s Children

Authors: Marella Lakshmi Narasimha

Abstract: This article looks at the complicated nature of diasporic identity and cultural memory in The Namesake and Midnight's Children. It focuses on how individuals navigate life across different cultures. Both novels feature main characters whose identities are shaped by migration, historical changes, and the search for belonging in a globalized world. In The Namesake, Gogol Ganguli's experiences as the son of Bengali immigrants highlight the emotional and cultural challenges of living between two cultures. His struggle with his name and connections to his ancestry reflects the broader issues of diasporic identity. Individuals must balance family traditions with new social and cultural settings. Lahiri's story emphasizes the critical role of memory, family relationships, and cultural continuity in shaping the immigrant experience. While Rushdie's Midnight's Children does not focus as much on diaspora, it examines a unique type of cultural displacement through the historical changes in postcolonial India. Saleem Sinai's life serves as a metaphor for the nation, as his story represents the diversity and dispersal of Indian society after independence. Rushdie combines magical realism with historical allegory to show how a nation's collective memory impacts personal identity. This study argues that the mix of memory, history, and cultural movement creates a postcolonial identity. Both novels illustrate how people find meaning and a sense of belonging through complex social interactions, highlighting that identity is always changing due to experiences of living across cultures and time periods.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19672452

Millennials Vs Generation Z: A Theoretical And Humanistic Analysis Of Work-Life Balance And Workplace Behavioural

Authors: Mr. Pankaj Lalwani, Shivangi Omar

Abstract: The evolving dynamics of the modern workplace have brought increased scholarly attention to generational differences, particularly between Millennials and Generation Z. This study aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical and humanistic analysis of work-life balance and workplace behaviour across these two influential cohorts. Millennials, typically defined as individuals born between 1981 and 1996, and Generation Z, born from 1997 onwards, represent a significant portion of the global workforce. Their distinct socio-economic upbringing, technological exposure, and value systems have shaped divergent expectations from professional environments. This research investigates how these generational traits influence attitudes toward work-life balance, organizational commitment, communication styles, and behavioural patterns within the workplace. The evolving workplace has witnessed a significant shift with the increasing participation of Millennials and Generation Z. This study explores generational differences in work-life balance, workplace behavior, and career expectations through a theoretical and humanistic lens. Unlike traditional studies that rely heavily on quantitative data, this research emphasizes psychological needs, emotional perspectives, and socio-economic influences. The findings suggest that Millennials prioritize career growth and work-life integration, whereas Generation Z emphasizes flexibility, mental well-being, and boundary management. The study highlights the need for organizations to adopt empathetic, flexible, and human-centered HR practices to effectively manage a multigenerational workforce.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19685462

A Study On The Influence Of Social Media Marketing On Customers Purchasing Behaviour And Decisions

Authors: Akalya M, Mohammed Suhail Akthar, Dr.R.Karthik

Abstract: This study examines the influence of social media marketing on customers’ purchasing behaviour and decision-making in the modern digital era. Social media platforms such as Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook have become essential tools for businesses to promote products, communicate with consumers, and build strong brand presence. The study is based on both primary data collected through a structured questionnaire and secondary data obtained from books, journals, and reliable online sources, using a descriptive research design. The analysis shows that social media significantly influences customer awareness, perceptions, preferences, and final purchase decisions. Consumers today actively seek information through social media, where factors such as online reviews, advertisements, and influencer recommendations play a vital role in shaping their attitudes and purchase intentions. Moreover, social media platforms provide businesses with opportunities to engage with customers, gather feedback, and personalize marketing strategies. The study also highlights that consistent and effective social media marketing enhances customer trust, strengthens brand loyalty, and improves customer satisfaction. It concludes that social media marketing is a powerful and cost-effective tool that enables businesses to reach a wider audience, influence consumer behaviour, and improve sales performance in a highly competitive market.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19685593

Internet Marketing Current Toward Trends Online Shopping

Authors: Priti Pal, Pankaj Lalwani

Abstract: Internet marketing has transformed the global business environment by enabling companies to reach consumers through digital platforms. The rapid growth of online shopping (e-commerce) is closely linked to advancements in digital marketing strategies such as social media marketing, search engine optimization (SEO), and artificial intelligence (AI). This paper examines the current trends in internet marketing that influence online shopping behavior, highlighting technological developments, changing consumer preferences, and emerging business models. The study concludes that personalization, mobile commerce, and social commerce are key drivers shaping the future of online shopping. Internet marketing has revolutionized the global retail landscape by transforming how businesses interact with consumers and how consumers purchase products. With the rapid growth of digital technologies, online shopping has become an essential component of modern commerce. This paper examines the current trends in internet marketing and their impact on online shopping behavior. Key trends such as artificial intelligence (AI), social commerce, mobile marketing, personalization, and data-driven strategies are explored. The study also highlights challenges and future opportunities in the evolving e-commerce ecosystem.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19685749

Revolutionizing English Language Teaching: The Role Of Connected Learning Initiative In Bridging Educational Gaps Through Digital Innovation

Authors: B.Saroja Naik

Abstract: This study examines the role of the Connected Learning Initiative (CLIx) in transforming English Language Teaching (ELT) through digital innovation, particularly in underserved regions of India. The research explores the following question: How does CLIx contribute to bridging educational gaps in ELT through ICT-enabled Open Educational Resources (OER)? The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of CLIx in enhancing student learning outcomes and teacher professional development through interactive, technology-enabled pedagogies. The objectives include analysing the impact of blended learning and constructivist methodologies on English language acquisition, assessing CLIx interventions' scalability, and understanding the collaborative networks' role in sustaining digital education initiatives. This research adopts a qualitative methodology, incorporating a detailed analysis of CLIx reports and secondary sources about the CLIx implementations in government schools across Chhattisgarh, Mizoram, Rajasthan, and Telangana. Data collection methods include document analysis of curriculum materials and policy reports. The study also engages with secondary sources, including reports from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS). The findings indicate that CLIx successfully integrates digital tools with pedagogical frameworks to foster communicative competence in English, critical thinking, and 21st-century skills. The initiative’s emphasis on multilingual delivery and constructivist approaches enhances accessibility and engagement, particularly for students from marginalised communities. The research highlights the effectiveness of teacher training programs in equipping educators with digital competencies, thereby promoting sustainable pedagogical innovation. Leveraging ICT-enabled resources, CLIx serves as a scalable model for equitable and technology-driven ELT interventions in developing educational contexts.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19691231

Impact Of Artificial Intelligence On Teaching And Learning Processes

Authors: Dr.Prakash H S, Dr.Vijaya S. Agadi

Abstract: The rapid uptake of artificial intelligence within educational contexts has transformed the nature of the learning experience; however, there is little empirical evidence on its impacts. This paper offers a review of research findings on the impact of artificial intelligence in learning performance and pedagogies based on recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses. In a meta-analysis study based on 68 experimental studies, a moderate effect was found for the use of generative artificial intelligence to improve learning performance (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI [0.43, 0.47]), especially in primary and secondary schools. However, the current literature base is characterized by high heterogeneity, the preponderance of technical over causal studies, and limited durations of interventions; out of more than 1,100 articles on artificial intelligence in education, only 20 articles were deemed highly relevant causal studies . The main success factors include pedagogic scaffolding, the principle of learning embedded within technology tools utilized, and reflective training for educators.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19697967

Sustainable Development Practices With Respect To Indian Knowledge System

Authors: Anoop Kumar, Anand Kumar

Abstract: Sustainable development has become an important issue that needs to be addressed by India, as the country is facing the issues of environmental degradation, climate change, depletion of natural resources, and poverty. In the current scenario, Indian Knowledge System (IKS), which is based on centuries of indigenous experience and traditional ecological wisdom, provides many ways to achieve sustainability. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the importance of sustainable development practices with special emphasis on traditional indigenous knowledge systems in India. It is argued that the indigenous knowledge system in India represents sustainable practices that integrate environmental harmony, social equity, and economic viability. Through an examination of various indigenous traditional practices like rainwater harvesting, organic farming, agro-forestry, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable resource management, it will be established that sustainable development practices are an important means to sustain livelihood and reduce environmental pressure. Indigenous knowledge is deeply connected with the local environment, as it involves principles of conservation and regeneration of natural resources. Therefore, through the analysis of traditional indigenous knowledge systems in India, the paper will discuss the contribution of local indigenous communities towards biodiversity conservation and climate change adaptation. Additionally, the paper highlights that sustainable development is impossible to realize using modern technology alone without taking into account traditional knowledge that is rooted in culture. Using traditional knowledge in sustainable development is not only beneficial to achieving sustainability but is also important in ensuring inclusion. It becomes clear from the research presented in this paper that the Indian Knowledge System is not just a heritage asset but also the basis of sustainable development.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19704563

Role Of Psychology In Viksit Bharat@2047: A Review

Authors: Yogendra Pratap Singh, Dr. Anoop Kumar, Vishal Kumar Gupta3

Abstract: Viksit Bharat@2047 is the government vision to develop India as a developed country on its 100th anniversary of independence in 2047. There are different dimensions of development covered under Viksit Bharat@2047 vision, such as economic growth, socio-cultural development, sustainable environment, and international leadership. The Viksit Bharat@2047 vision represents a multidimensional aspect of development that focuses not only on economic development but also psychological well-being and sustainable environment. In other words, achievement of Viksit Bharat@2047 will be possible based on human resources available in the country. This article aims to explore the role of psychology in helping India to reach its vision of Viksit Bharat@2047. The importance of psychology is that mental well-being is a part of general development, which necessitates giving emphasis on psychological aspects along with other development factors to achieve the vision of Viksit Bharat.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19704522

Low Braille Literacy And Why Braille Uptake Remains Poor In India: Challenges Of Cost, Teacher Shortage, And Digital Substitution

Authors: Prof. Priti Puri

Abstract: Braille, developed by Louis Braille in the 19th century, remains vital for literacy and independence among individuals who are blind or people with visual disabilities. Yet, literacy in Braille rates in India continues to decline despite inclusive education policies and technological progress. This study examines the key factors behind the low adoption of Braille, focusing on economic barriers, a shortage of trained educators, and growing reliance on digital and audio-based tools. Analysis of government reports, academic research, and NGO data reveals that high costs of Braille materials, limited funding, and significant urban–rural disparities hinder accessibility. The lack of certified Braille instructors further affects the quality and consistency of instruction. Moreover, while digital technologies enhance accessibility, they have unintentionally diminished tactile reading skills, leading to reduced Braille proficiency. The paper advocates for a dual-literacy approach that integrates Braille with digital tools to promote both cognitive and linguistic development. It recommends expanding teacher training programs, improving Braille infrastructure, and ensuring equitable access to learning resources. Strengthening literacy in Braille is essential for inclusive education, skill development, and sustainable workforce participation of persons with visual impairments in India.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19707084

The Role Of School Education In Shaping Product-Oriented Skills In Sri Lanka

Authors: Athirathan, S.

Abstract: The role of school education in shaping product-oriented skills in Sri Lanka is increasingly recognized as a vital component of the country’s strategy for economic diversification and sustainable development. In an era marked by rapid globalization, technological innovation, and shifting labor market demands, developing a workforce equipped with practical, entrepreneurial, and technical competencies is crucial for Sri Lanka to enhance its industrial capacity, foster innovation, and reduce its reliance on imports. This abstract synthesizes the key insights from existing literature, policy frameworks, empirical studies, and contextual analyses to elucidate the multifaceted role of school education in fostering these critical skills. Sri Lanka’s traditional education system, rooted in a colonial legacy, has historically prioritized rote learning and academic excellence, resulting in high literacy rates but limited development of practical skills. Recognizing this gap, recent reforms have sought to embed product-oriented competencies such as craftsmanship, manufacturing, and entrepreneurship within the curriculum. Initiatives like the integration of vocational streams, project-based learning, ICT modules, and entrepreneurial education reflect an emerging acknowledgment of the importance of practical skills. These reforms aim to bridge disconnect between theoretical knowledge and real-world application, thereby enhancing students’ readiness for employment and self-employment. Empirical evidence from Sri Lanka and comparable developing countries underscores the positive impact of incorporating technical and vocational education into mainstream schooling. Studies reveal that students exposed to project-based activities, industry visits, and practical training demonstrate higher levels of creativity, problem-solving, and product development skills. Moreover, partnerships with local industries and artisans facilitate experiential learning, enabling students to translate classroom concepts into tangible outputs. International models such as Finland’s vocational training system and Germany’s dual apprenticeship system exemplify how integrated school-industry linkages can produce skilled graduates capable of immediate contribution to local industries.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19707307

Digitalization And Cyber Space Regulations In Cameroon: Challenges And Opportunities

Authors: Sokem Assoua Riccardo, Betana Kholbert Mbimbe

Abstract: The regulation of cyberspace in Cameroon is increasingly critical as the country navigates the complexities of advanced digitalization. However, With the on-going Anglophone crisis in the two English-speaking regions of Cameroon, individuals, businesses and the government are increasingly becoming at risk of being targeted by cyber criminals. Amid this challenge, Cameroon has enacted a law relating to Cyber Security and Cyber Criminality and trained personels to fight cybercrime. In spite of these measures, cybercrime is still rampant and the question is why?. As internet usage increases, so does exposure to cyber threats such as hacking, data breaches, and online fraud. This paper’s aim is to investigate the extent to which effective cyber space regulation can be achieved in Cameroon to support safe digitalization. By employing the theory of Digital Sovereignty as its theoretical construct while adopting advocacy for liberation as it’s philosophical framework, this paper argues that, the proliferation of internet and volume of digital transactions does not correlate significantly with the evolution of national cyber security regulations in Cameroon The paper however strongly recommends, the development of a centralized monitoring digital and evaluation framework to track the progress of digitalization efforts and assess their impact.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19708652

Factors Influencing Stem Enrollment at Kasama College of Education and St. Mary’s College of Education in Zambia

Authors: Chisenga Langfield

Abstract: This study examines the factors influencing enrollment in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) programs at Kasama College of Education (KCE) and St. Mary’s College of Education (SMCE) in Zambia. The study focuses on socio-economic barriers, cultural perceptions, availability of resources, and the role of mentorship in shaping students’ decisions to pursue STEM education. A mixed-method research design was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions involving students, lecturers, and administrators. The findings reveal that financial constraints, negative societal attitudes, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of mentorship significantly hinder STEM enrollment. The study concludes that addressing these challenges requires coordinated efforts from government, institutions, and stakeholders. Recommendations include increased financial support, improved infrastructure, gender-sensitive interventions, and establishment of mentorship programs.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19712264

Nature And The Crisis Of Faith In Victorian Society: A Social Analysis Of Alfred Lord Tennyson’s In Memoriam A.H.H.

Authors: Veni Labhaniya

Abstract: The nineteenth century experienced major changes to social and intellectual and religious beliefs because scientific progress together with industrial growth brought about scientific progress and industrial development. This paper presents a detailed social analysis of Alfred Lord Tennyson’s In Memoriam A.H.H., which shows how the poem represents the Victorian times religious crisis and changing human relations with nature. The study examines the poem as a socio-cultural document which reveals how people of that time period feared about religion and scientific progress and their search for meaning in life. The paper demonstrates how Tennyson used nature to show the battle between traditional religious systems and new scientific knowledge. The study shows how literature enables people to comprehend social change by analyzing the poem within its historical and social background.

The Impact Of Leadership Styles On Teacher Performance And Student Achievement In Three Primary Schools Of Chilubi District Of Northern Province Of Zambia

Authors: Prudence Chitonge, Patricia Eunice Lupupa

Abstract: Introduction: This study looked at the leadership styles used by head teachers in three primary schools in Chilubi District, namely Chibimbya, Chilubi, and Yombwe, and how these approaches affect teacher performance and students' academic success. Strong, thoughtful school leadership plays a key role in creating a positive school climate and helping both teachers and students thrive. Methods: A mixed research design combining quantitative and qualitative methods was used, including surveys and interview guides with head teachers and deputy head teachers from the selected schools. The data were analyzed using descriptive and thematic approaches to explore leadership practices, the challenges faced, and how these influence teaching and learning. Results: The findings showed that democratic and transformational leadership styles were the most common among head teachers. These approaches were marked by participatory decision making, motivating staff, recognizing achievements, and delegating responsibilities. Such leadership styles had a positive effect on teacher morale, instructional abilities, and student performance. That said, several challenges got in the way of effective leadership, including limited training in leadership skills, financial constraints, resistance to change, inadequate resources, and weak engagement with the local community. Conclusion: Effective leadership rooted in collaboration, teacher empowerment, and strategic resource management significantly enhances teacher performance and student achievement. Addressing identified barriers through capacity building, improved funding, and stakeholder involvement is essential for sustaining educational improvements in Chilubi District.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19734153

Circular Economy Approaches in Fashion Textiles: Fibre Innovation, Recycling, And Trends

Authors: Ms. M. Souganthika, Dr. E. Devaki

Abstract: Fashion is becoming a dominant force that applies the principles of the circular economy and makes goods sustainable, reduce the scale of waste, and protect the viability of resources. This review clarifies the main trends in the area of circular fashion such as the development of systems of textile recycling, the production of new types of fibers and the transformation of the following markets. The analysis also notes how artificial intelligence is the key to transformative technology that simplifies the process of automation of processes, enhances transparency, and drives the creation of new business models, e.g., shared-use and collaborative-consumption models. However, these innovations are faced with significant obstacles, especially difficulties with managing mixed-material compositions, absent infrastructure and lack of consumer-behaviour limitations that hinder its mass adoption. The review highlights that technological progression, enabling regulatory initiatives, and multi- stakeholder partnerships represent essential conditions that have to be applied to the creation of a fully-circular fashion ecosystem.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19758640

Examining Gender Inequality Through Feminist Lenses

Authors: Accamma CG, Ankita Mukherjee, Sayam Jain, Tanmaya PK, Kshipra Suresh kumar

Abstract: The problem of gender inequality is an ongoing issue in the world, and it is analysed in this context concerning the framework of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5), which aims at attaining gender equality and empowering all women and girls (United Nations, 2015). Although the world has made these commitments, patriarchal systems, economic inequalities, and interlinking forces of oppression are still running in the way. This paper examines the reinforcement of gender discrimination by class, caste, and geographical inequalities to draw a conclusion on the aspect and presents thematic analysis and reports of UN Women (UN Women, 2025) and Government of India (Government of India, 2024) in exploring the subject, with the help of policy discourse analysis based on the topic of intersectionality theory established by Kimberle Crenshaw (Crenshaw, 1989). Even though almost 100 countries revised discriminatory legislation in 2019-2024 (UN Women, 2024), due to the deeply-established socio-cultural standards, there are still gaps in their implementation. In India, the labour force participation of women is still 37 percent, rural women are more vulnerable to violence than their urban counterparts, and the Gender Inequality Index is equal to 0.44 (UNDP, 2024). The World Bank calculates that women have lost up to US0 trillion in global human capital wealth due to gender inequality (World Bank, 2018), and further action (especially in the areas of reproductive rights and digital access) would contribute US trillion to global GDP (McKinsey Global Institute, 2015). According to the latest projections included in the UN Gender Snapshot 2025, one can even say that, unless people stop the existing tendencies, 351 million females and girls can still be in extreme poverty by 2030 (UN Women, 2025). Combining intersectional, ecofeminist, and postcolonial critiques, the present paper fills the gap between theory and practice and suggests intervention, grounded in community-based and structural policies, to eliminate the barriers in the system and promote empowerment that is inclusive and progressive.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19760046

An Investigation Into Poor Academic Performance In English Language (Summary Component): A Study Of Three Secondary Schools In Nsama District, Northern Province Of Zambia.

Authors: Mula Richard

Abstract: This study investigated the factors contributing to poor academic performance in the English Language, specifically focusing on the summary writing component, among secondary school learners in selected schools in Nsama District, Northern Province of Zambia. Summary writing is an essential skill that enables learners to comprehend, analyze, and present information in a concise manner. However, many learners continue to perform poorly in this area. The study employed a descriptive research design using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected from teachers and learners through questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations. A total of 40 respondents participated in the study. Findings revealed that poor performance in summary writing is mainly caused by limited vocabulary, poor reading habits, inadequate teaching methods, lack of learning materials, and large class sizes. These challenges limit learners’ ability to understand texts and express ideas clearly. The study concludes that improving performance in summary writing requires effective teaching strategies, provision of adequate learning materials, and promotion of a strong reading culture among learners.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19763306